{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308194400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2022.2134677","title":"Charting a path for growth in middle school students\u2019 attitudes toward computer programming","display_name":"Charting a path for growth in middle school students\u2019 attitudes toward computer programming","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308194400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2022.2134677"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08993408.2022.2134677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2022.2134677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97147119","display_name":"Computer Science Education","issn_l":"0899-3408","issn":["0899-3408","1744-5175"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005774671","display_name":"Teresa Ober","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9698-9543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teresa M. Ober","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9698-9543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043905805","display_name":"Ying Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8654-1443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8654-1443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077111581","display_name":"Meghan R. Coggins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4405-3465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meghan R. Coggins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055783862","display_name":"Paul Brenner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2568-9786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Brenner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Research Computing, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research Computing, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013580150","display_name":"Janice Zdankus","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122178","display_name":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020x0c621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122178"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janice Zdankus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett Packard Enterprise, San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022708394","display_name":"Philip Gonsalves","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091800","display_name":"Pathways Behavioral Services","ror":"https://ror.org/00frxwd04","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Gonsalves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Curated Pathways to Innovation, San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Curated Pathways to Innovation, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111704521","display_name":"Emmanuel Johnson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Information Sciences Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Information Sciences Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003064174","display_name":"Tim Urdan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16269868","display_name":"Santa Clara University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypqe447","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Urdan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Curated Pathways to Innovation (Group)","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Curated Pathways to Innovation (Group)","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043905805"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6532,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77754466,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"4","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7440487146377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.648810863494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5847246646881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-programming","display_name":"Computer programming","score":0.4109492599964142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2445264756679535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19602644443511963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7440487146377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.648810863494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5847246646881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33857546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80006","display_name":"Computer programming","level":2,"score":0.4109492599964142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2445264756679535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19602644443511963}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08993408.2022.2134677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2022.2134677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97147119","display_name":"Computer Science Education","issn_l":"0899-3408","issn":["0899-3408","1744-5175"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492589835","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1970913176","https://openalex.org/W1971294185","https://openalex.org/W1972051567","https://openalex.org/W1980583678","https://openalex.org/W1982404450","https://openalex.org/W2002921768","https://openalex.org/W2018916391","https://openalex.org/W2021697886","https://openalex.org/W2025409370","https://openalex.org/W2032423030","https://openalex.org/W2032532259","https://openalex.org/W2035286692","https://openalex.org/W2041622414","https://openalex.org/W2042053466","https://openalex.org/W2042865927","https://openalex.org/W2047869069","https://openalex.org/W2049015059","https://openalex.org/W2065048560","https://openalex.org/W2074457926","https://openalex.org/W2092053161","https://openalex.org/W2098158623","https://openalex.org/W2099756352","https://openalex.org/W2103346568","https://openalex.org/W2110384673","https://openalex.org/W2115098571","https://openalex.org/W2115189199","https://openalex.org/W2116323796","https://openalex.org/W2122996288","https://openalex.org/W2126854816","https://openalex.org/W2127339196","https://openalex.org/W2137741142","https://openalex.org/W2144970394","https://openalex.org/W2146254716","https://openalex.org/W2147778428","https://openalex.org/W2182676428","https://openalex.org/W2197598678","https://openalex.org/W2262104057","https://openalex.org/W2299467264","https://openalex.org/W2510630383","https://openalex.org/W2530828552","https://openalex.org/W2561240898","https://openalex.org/W2582499662","https://openalex.org/W2585206806","https://openalex.org/W2614250878","https://openalex.org/W2617619553","https://openalex.org/W2756283626","https://openalex.org/W2793811011","https://openalex.org/W2795240625","https://openalex.org/W2805976071","https://openalex.org/W2806576596","https://openalex.org/W2808927725","https://openalex.org/W2810267126","https://openalex.org/W2811502773","https://openalex.org/W2842518588","https://openalex.org/W2883454013","https://openalex.org/W2884600636","https://openalex.org/W2886085997","https://openalex.org/W2888090600","https://openalex.org/W2889313968","https://openalex.org/W2890645310","https://openalex.org/W2891096043","https://openalex.org/W2895049233","https://openalex.org/W2896269447","https://openalex.org/W2899294753","https://openalex.org/W2920529430","https://openalex.org/W2921904031","https://openalex.org/W2922315794","https://openalex.org/W2934958681","https://openalex.org/W2949625156","https://openalex.org/W2968966268","https://openalex.org/W2987969965","https://openalex.org/W3010168351","https://openalex.org/W3011385448","https://openalex.org/W3012459219","https://openalex.org/W3019118687","https://openalex.org/W3036116570","https://openalex.org/W3036160169","https://openalex.org/W3044002230","https://openalex.org/W3086508187","https://openalex.org/W3088415986","https://openalex.org/W3101479340","https://openalex.org/W3124037843","https://openalex.org/W3195193657","https://openalex.org/W3199829321","https://openalex.org/W4210587495","https://openalex.org/W6763891759"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"and":[1,6,12,21,43,170,180],"Context":[2],"Differences":[3],"in":[4,31,40,55,67,72,100,116,123,138,151,167,194,216,224],"children\u2019s":[5],"adolescents\u2019":[7],"initial":[8,192],"attitudes":[9,74,104,124,238],"about":[10],"computing":[11],"other":[13],"STEM":[14],"fields":[15],"may":[16,34,222],"form":[17],"during":[18,108,147],"middle":[19,47,101,129],"school":[20,48,102,130],"shape":[22],"decisions":[23],"leading":[24],"to":[25,63,82,90,93,233],"career":[26,32,59],"entry.":[27],"Early":[28],"emerging":[29],"differences":[30,166],"interest":[33,169],"propagate":[35],"a":[36,52,65,211],"lack":[37],"of":[38,58,85,178,191,198,203],"diversity":[39],"computer":[41,76,94,106,126,159,173,199,218,236],"science":[42,95],"programming":[44,107,127,160,174,200,219,237],"fields.Objective":[45],"Though":[46],"is":[49,231],"recognized":[50],"as":[51],"formative":[53],"period":[54],"the":[56,176],"development":[57],"interest,":[60],"there":[61],"appears":[62],"be":[64],"gap":[66],"research":[68],"considering":[69],"growth":[70,99,122,193],"disparities":[71],"students\u2019":[73,83,103,168,217],"towards":[75,105,125],"programming.":[77],"We":[78,97,120,163],"examine":[79],"outcomes":[80],"related":[81],"use":[84],"an":[86,109,148,155],"e-learning":[87],"platform":[88,157],"designed":[89],"promote":[91,234],"exposure":[92],"content.":[96],"consider":[98],"academic":[110,149],"year":[111,150],"while":[112],"controlling":[113,184],"for":[114,185,213],"variation":[115],"key":[117],"baseline":[118,165],"factors.Method":[119],"tracked":[121],"among":[128,239],"students":[131,144],"(N":[132],"=":[133,136],"610;":[134],"Mage":[135],"12.07)":[137],"schools":[139],"serving":[140],"underrepresented":[141,181,206],"minority":[142],"(URM)":[143],"(74.7%":[145],"URM)":[146],"which":[152,221],"they":[153],"used":[154],"online":[156],"curating":[158],"educational":[161],"content.Findings":[162],"found":[164],"aspirations":[171],"toward":[172],"on":[175],"basis":[177],"gender":[179,204],"status,":[182],"after":[183],"math":[186],"attitudes.":[187],"There":[188],"was":[189],"evidence":[190],"all":[195,240],"four":[196],"domains":[197],"attitudes,":[201,220],"irrespective":[202],"or":[205],"status.Implications":[207],"These":[208],"findings":[209],"provide":[210],"framework":[212],"studying":[214],"changes":[215],"help":[223],"addressing":[225],"workforce":[226],"participation":[227],"disparities.":[228],"Future":[229],"work":[230],"needed":[232],"early":[235],"students.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}