{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385622501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2023.2241413","title":"Predicting Compliance of Security Policies: Norms and Sanctions","display_name":"Predicting Compliance of Security Policies: Norms and Sanctions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385622501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2023.2241413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08874417.2023.2241413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2023.2241413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83133229","display_name":"Journal of Computer Information Systems","issn_l":"0887-4417","issn":["0887-4417","2380-2057"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088004218","display_name":"Mohammad I. Merhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2933-1965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134870","display_name":"Indiana University South Bend","ror":"https://ror.org/02s1hvj37","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134870","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad I. Merhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055693138","display_name":"Punit Ahluwalia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802326326","display_name":"The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley","ror":"https://ror.org/02p5xjf12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Punit Ahluwalia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088004218"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0551,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89507524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"5","first_page":"683","last_page":"697"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sanctions","display_name":"Sanctions","score":0.9062575101852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compliance","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","score":0.7613954544067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterrence-theory","display_name":"Deterrence theory","score":0.7129037380218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-policy","display_name":"Security policy","score":0.5238977670669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.48315662145614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security-standards","display_name":"Information security standards","score":0.4781978130340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.4715549945831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normality","display_name":"Normality","score":0.4549741744995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.45311084389686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/descriptive-statistics","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","score":0.429305762052536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.42365992069244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-security-studies","display_name":"Critical security studies","score":0.41004347801208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.37630143761634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3543931841850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-economics","display_name":"Public economics","score":0.3299921751022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.31869757175445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3051602244377136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.23885312676429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.21489888429641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security-policy","display_name":"Network security policy","score":0.20999491214752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14399629831314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.11093023419380188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.9062575101852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399332","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7613954544067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60643870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949683","display_name":"Deterrence theory","level":2,"score":0.7129037380218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154908896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167404","display_name":"Security policy","level":2,"score":0.5238977670669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.48315662145614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139547956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031202","display_name":"Information security standards","level":5,"score":0.4781978130340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.4715549945831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375683","display_name":"Normality","level":2,"score":0.4549741744995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.45311084389686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.429305762052536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.42365992069244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505623098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3002932","display_name":"Critical security studies","level":5,"score":0.41004347801208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.37630143761634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3543931841850281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3299921751022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.31869757175445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3051602244377136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.23885312676429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.21489888429641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117110713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394676","display_name":"Network security policy","level":4,"score":0.20999491214752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14399629831314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11093023419380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08874417.2023.2241413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2023.2241413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83133229","display_name":"Journal of Computer Information Systems","issn_l":"0887-4417","issn":["0887-4417","2380-2057"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62824994","https://openalex.org/W116282327","https://openalex.org/W129912261","https://openalex.org/W141430544","https://openalex.org/W591137247","https://openalex.org/W1204404493","https://openalex.org/W1494815098","https://openalex.org/W1500900393","https://openalex.org/W1595575146","https://openalex.org/W1602619638","https://openalex.org/W1608836379","https://openalex.org/W1732868078","https://openalex.org/W1852090069","https://openalex.org/W1903013269","https://openalex.org/W1979780488","https://openalex.org/W1993957541","https://openalex.org/W1998515443","https://openalex.org/W1999640818","https://openalex.org/W2005785247","https://openalex.org/W2010201725","https://openalex.org/W2010512215","https://openalex.org/W2010902645","https://openalex.org/W2011822825","https://openalex.org/W2017852158","https://openalex.org/W2021464460","https://openalex.org/W2024419606","https://openalex.org/W2024509488","https://openalex.org/W2026003563","https://openalex.org/W2039338430","https://openalex.org/W2042874149","https://openalex.org/W2047493957","https://openalex.org/W2049571112","https://openalex.org/W2051917564","https://openalex.org/W2055847123","https://openalex.org/W2060960513","https://openalex.org/W2062477794","https://openalex.org/W2066424242","https://openalex.org/W2069793182","https://openalex.org/W2070043562","https://openalex.org/W2072047708","https://openalex.org/W2073261366","https://openalex.org/W2077676995","https://openalex.org/W2081973090","https://openalex.org/W2082028818","https://openalex.org/W2086545936","https://openalex.org/W2094860729","https://openalex.org/W2095080321","https://openalex.org/W2097694607","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2100379340","https://openalex.org/W2103045792","https://openalex.org/W2105992541","https://openalex.org/W2106096361","https://openalex.org/W2122912498","https://openalex.org/W2129100925","https://openalex.org/W2130950828","https://openalex.org/W2133295470","https://openalex.org/W2138918478","https://openalex.org/W2147478345","https://openalex.org/W2152095411","https://openalex.org/W2152482026","https://openalex.org/W2152520342","https://openalex.org/W2156438052","https://openalex.org/W2159306398","https://openalex.org/W2164233261","https://openalex.org/W2168569455","https://openalex.org/W2216473877","https://openalex.org/W2785335401","https://openalex.org/W2786705330","https://openalex.org/W2803982931","https://openalex.org/W2898219382","https://openalex.org/W2967317239","https://openalex.org/W2990299574","https://openalex.org/W2995282616","https://openalex.org/W3121775323","https://openalex.org/W3122641214","https://openalex.org/W3134324273","https://openalex.org/W3139382939","https://openalex.org/W4206711400","https://openalex.org/W4207072978","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4239412360","https://openalex.org/W4240744310","https://openalex.org/W4243324027","https://openalex.org/W4249680740","https://openalex.org/W4251793644","https://openalex.org/W4254434816","https://openalex.org/W6602550886"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049188895","https://openalex.org/W2366423890","https://openalex.org/W1543483484","https://openalex.org/W4285359482","https://openalex.org/W2777930406","https://openalex.org/W2184548219","https://openalex.org/W2735300712","https://openalex.org/W1540818114","https://openalex.org/W104635307","https://openalex.org/W2001059770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,127],"paper":[1,44,146],"is":[2],"motivated":[3],"by":[4,52,86,119],"the":[5,11,20,47,60,64,68,75,97,103,108,114,124,136,148],"need":[6],"to":[7,46,122,158],"find":[8],"reasons":[9],"for":[10,34],"divergent":[12],"findings":[13],"reported":[14],"in":[15,102],"many":[16],"studies":[17],"that":[18,57,130],"assessed":[19],"effects":[21],"of":[22,77,99,113,150],"social":[23],"norms":[24,134,152],"on":[25,37,80,153],"IS":[26,159],"security":[27,50,82,143,160],"policy":[28],"compliance,":[29],"and":[30,67,89,132,141],"answers":[31],"multiple":[32],"calls":[33],"additional":[35],"research":[36],"this":[38,43,72],"subject.":[39],"In":[40],"doing":[41],"so,":[42],"contributes":[45],"existing":[48],"information":[49,81,142],"literature":[51],"presenting":[53],"an":[54],"integrated":[55],"model":[56],"draws":[58],"from":[59,96],"General":[61],"Deterrence":[62],"Theory,":[63],"Social":[65],"Norms,":[66],"Normality":[69],"perspective.":[70],"Specifically,":[71],"study":[73,128],"investigates":[74],"effect":[76],"formal":[78,139],"sanctions":[79,140],"policies":[83],"compliance":[84],"mediated":[85],"subjective,":[87],"descriptive,":[88],"moral":[90,133,151],"norms.":[91],"The":[92,145],"data":[93,116],"were":[94],"collected":[95],"employees":[98],"five":[100],"organizations":[101],"Southern":[104],"United":[105],"States":[106],"using":[107,120],"survey":[109],"method.":[110],"Quantitative":[111],"analysis":[112],"sampled":[115],"was":[117],"conducted":[118],"PLS":[121],"assess":[123],"various":[125],"hypotheses.":[126],"shows":[129],"descriptive":[131],"mediate":[135],"relationships":[137],"between":[138],"compliance.":[144],"highlights":[147],"influence":[149],"how":[154],"IT":[155],"users":[156],"respond":[157],"policies.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
