{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056052471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/088395199117324","title":"Deictic believability: Coordinated gesture, locomotion, and speech in lifelike pedagogical agents","display_name":"Deictic believability: Coordinated gesture, locomotion, and speech in lifelike pedagogical agents","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056052471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/088395199117324","mag":"2056052471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/088395199117324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/088395199117324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074470380","display_name":"James C. Lester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-6601"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James C. Lester","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067185242","display_name":"J Voerman","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer L. Voerman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047040147","display_name":"Stuart Towns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9650-1325"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart G. Towns","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046972209","display_name":"Charles Callaway","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles B. Callaway","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.9766,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":160,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98545465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4-5","first_page":"383","last_page":"414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deixis","display_name":"Deixis","score":0.9438086748123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.79608154296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.5994338393211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5878098011016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.47413158416748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34374070167541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1189882755279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.08702334761619568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13077596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q340015","display_name":"Deixis","level":2,"score":0.9438086748123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.79608154296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.5994338393211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5878098011016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.47413158416748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34374070167541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1189882755279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08702334761619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/088395199117324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/088395199117324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323687855","https://openalex.org/W2046414434","https://openalex.org/W3005892291","https://openalex.org/W1967408479","https://openalex.org/W4231039120","https://openalex.org/W47104313","https://openalex.org/W2750031744","https://openalex.org/W4224306855","https://openalex.org/W2139158758","https://openalex.org/W2047859503"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lifelike":[0],"animated":[1,78,116,173,230],"agents":[2,47,79,117],"for":[3,32,111,183],"knowledge":[4],"-":[5,100,194],"based":[6],"learning":[7,39,181],"environments":[8],"can":[9],"provide":[10,98],"timely":[11],",":[12,27,72,74,77,138,140,152,175,177],"customized":[13],"advice":[14,102,196],"to":[15,62,83,90,93,164,197],"support":[16],"students'":[17,35],"problem":[18,99],"solving":[19,101],".":[20,41,103,118,144,161,190,210,232],"Because":[21],"of":[22,37,70,159,186,207,212],"their":[23,38,65,86],"strong":[24],"visual":[25],"presence":[26],"they":[28,97,200],"hold":[29],"significant":[30],"promise":[31],"substantially":[33],"increasing":[34],"enjoyment":[36],"experiences":[40],"A":[42,119],"key":[43],"problemposed":[44],"by":[45],"lifelike":[46,172],"that":[48,59,222],"inhabit":[49],"artificial":[50],"worlds":[51],"is":[52],"deictic":[53,113,120],"believability.":[54],"In":[55,104],"the":[56,128,154,184,219,223],"same":[57],"manner":[58],"humans":[60],"refer":[61,92],"objects":[63,94],"in":[64,115,170],"environment":[66,87,182],"through":[67,85,203],"judicious":[68],"combinations":[69],"speech":[71,142],"locomotion":[73],"and":[75,88,91,127,135,141,148,153],"gesture":[76],"should":[80],"be":[81],"able":[82],"move":[84],"point":[89],"appropriately":[95],"as":[96,132,199],"this":[105],"paper":[106],"we":[107],"describe":[108],"a":[109,124,157,171,180,204],"framework":[110,226],"achieving":[112],"believability":[114],"behavior":[121],"planner":[122],"exploits":[123],"world":[125,206],"model":[126],"evolving":[129],"explanation":[130],"plan":[131],"it":[133],"selects":[134],"coordinates":[136],"locomotive":[137],"gestural":[139],"behaviors":[143,147,231],"The":[145],"resulting":[146],"utterances":[149],"are":[150],"believable":[151],"references":[155],"exhibit":[156],"lack":[158],"ambiguity":[160],"This":[162],"approach":[163],"spatial":[165,224],"deixis":[166,225],"has":[167],"been":[168],"implemented":[169],"agent":[174],"COSMO":[176,191],"who":[178],"inhabits":[179],"domain":[185],"Internet":[187],"packet":[188],"routing":[189],"provides":[192],"real":[193],"time":[195],"students":[198],"escort":[201],"packets":[202],"virtual":[205],"interconnected":[208],"routers":[209],"Results":[211],"an":[213],"informal":[214],"focus":[215],"group":[216],"study":[217],"with":[218],"COSMOagent":[220],"suggest":[221],"produces":[227],"clear":[228],"explanatory":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
