{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087975506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/088395198117604","title":"TOWARD SOCIALLY INTELLIGENT SERVICE ROBOTS","display_name":"TOWARD SOCIALLY INTELLIGENT SERVICE ROBOTS","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087975506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/088395198117604","mag":"2087975506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/088395198117604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/088395198117604","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/088395198117604?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/088395198117604?needAccess=true&role=button","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017841865","display_name":"D.M. Wilkes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9693-3539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. M. Wilkes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Robotics Laboratory , Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee,  USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Robotics Laboratory , Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078979959","display_name":"A. Alford","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Alford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Robotics Laboratory , Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee,  USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Robotics Laboratory , Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029766405","display_name":"R.T. Pack","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802964274","display_name":"Interface (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nvtmr42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802964274"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. T. Pack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Robotics Laboratory , Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee,  USA ;    Real World Interface, Inc. , Jaffrey, NH, 03452,  USA","Intelligent Robotics Laboratory , Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee,  USA","Real World Interface, Inc. , Jaffrey, NH, 03452,  USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Robotics Laboratory , Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee,  USA ;    Real World Interface, Inc. , Jaffrey, NH, 03452,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Robotics Laboratory , Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Real World Interface, Inc. , Jaffrey, NH, 03452,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802964274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103216620","display_name":"Tamara Rogers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2889-407X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Rogers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Robotics Laboratory , Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee,  USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Robotics Laboratory , Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108521160","display_name":"Richard Alan Peters","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. A. Peters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Robotics Laboratory , Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee,  USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Robotics Laboratory , Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102863310","display_name":"K. Kawamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9729-4492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Kawamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Robotics Laboratory , Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee,  USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Robotics Laboratory , Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0786,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91872178,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"7-8","first_page":"729","last_page":"766"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7893297672271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6351507902145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.575463593006134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5730375647544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5131695866584778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.5090222358703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.46349239349365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-robot","display_name":"Service robot","score":0.4560948610305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.4142093360424042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.41312867403030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.4053724408149719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-control","display_name":"Robot control","score":0.3343939185142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11422803997993469}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7893297672271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6351507902145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.575463593006134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5730375647544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5131695866584778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.5090222358703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.46349239349365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776228582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7455797","display_name":"Service robot","level":3,"score":0.4560948610305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.4142093360424042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.41312867403030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.4053724408149719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.3343939185142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11422803997993469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/088395198117604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/088395198117604","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/088395198117604?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.161.8014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.161.8014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/~rap2/papers/SocIntAgent.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/088395198117604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/088395198117604","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/088395198117604?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087975506.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63137822","https://openalex.org/W98057164","https://openalex.org/W144997183","https://openalex.org/W191011047","https://openalex.org/W1494944795","https://openalex.org/W1523915439","https://openalex.org/W1534254491","https://openalex.org/W1537247336","https://openalex.org/W1549061150","https://openalex.org/W1588881365","https://openalex.org/W1591479315","https://openalex.org/W1649563655","https://openalex.org/W1649645444","https://openalex.org/W1708874574","https://openalex.org/W1783764739","https://openalex.org/W1834710886","https://openalex.org/W1926259429","https://openalex.org/W1930296475","https://openalex.org/W1970836773","https://openalex.org/W1981688554","https://openalex.org/W2012149201","https://openalex.org/W2035375323","https://openalex.org/W2050797564","https://openalex.org/W2055775926","https://openalex.org/W2076891662","https://openalex.org/W2090293422","https://openalex.org/W2090790288","https://openalex.org/W2097856935","https://openalex.org/W2101533859","https://openalex.org/W2109432723","https://openalex.org/W2110770975","https://openalex.org/W2111358972","https://openalex.org/W2116871363","https://openalex.org/W2130252203","https://openalex.org/W2143167473","https://openalex.org/W2144272375","https://openalex.org/W2144394811","https://openalex.org/W2145899763","https://openalex.org/W2146082668","https://openalex.org/W2147822798","https://openalex.org/W2158162404","https://openalex.org/W2158200944","https://openalex.org/W2234200704","https://openalex.org/W2250478080","https://openalex.org/W2271010733","https://openalex.org/W2290312602","https://openalex.org/W2323019124","https://openalex.org/W2339343773","https://openalex.org/W2491905209","https://openalex.org/W2798445359","https://openalex.org/W4206226097"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022202904","https://openalex.org/W2183593064","https://openalex.org/W4312511060","https://openalex.org/W3206889761","https://openalex.org/W2586715940","https://openalex.org/W2134294860","https://openalex.org/W2121301744","https://openalex.org/W2592013821","https://openalex.org/W1778752468","https://openalex.org/W2584169100"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,23,137],"the":[1,50,53,59,134,164,178,187,190,206,209,236,244,247],"Intelligent":[2,191],"Robotics":[3],"Laboratory":[4],"at":[5],"Vanderbilt":[6],"University,":[7],"we":[8,29,140],"seek":[9],"to":[10,25,42,58,92,105,186,204,235],"develop":[11],"service":[12,79,88,149,179,220],"robots":[13],"with":[14,170],"a":[15,44,70,87,121,148,171,195],"high":[16,45],"level":[17,46],"of":[18,47,61,64,78,95,167,189,208,231,243,246],"social":[19],"intelligence":[20,97,101],"and":[21,52,76,98,113,126,214,227],"interactivity.":[22],"order":[24],"achieve":[26,43],"this":[27,138],"goal,":[28],"have":[30],"identified":[31],"two":[32],"main":[33],"issues":[34],"for":[35,73,83,124,132,144,156,217,233],"research.":[36],"The":[37,81,160],"first":[38],"issue":[39,162],"is":[40,91,120,163,225,249],"how":[41],"interaction":[48],"between":[49],"human":[51,96],"robot.":[54],"This":[55,182],"has":[56,184,200],"lead":[57,185],"formulation":[60],"our":[62,142,154],"philosophy":[63],"Human":[65,100,118],"Directed":[66],"Local":[67],"Autonomy":[68],"(HuDL),":[69],"guiding":[71],"principle":[72],"research,":[74],"design,":[75],"implementation":[77],"robots.":[80,221],"motivation":[82],"integrating":[84,145,175],"humans":[85,146,176],"into":[86,147,177],"robot":[89,107,150],"system":[90,168,224],"take":[93],"advantage":[94],"skill.":[99],"can":[102],"be":[103],"used":[104],"interpret":[106],"sensor":[108],"data,":[109],"eliminating":[110],"computationally":[111],"expensive":[112],"possibly":[114],"error-prone":[115],"automated":[116],"analyses.":[117],"skill":[119],"valuable":[122],"resource":[123],"trajectory":[125],"path":[127],"planning":[128],"as":[129,131],"well":[130],"simplifying":[133],"search":[135],"process.":[136],"article,":[139],"present":[141,153],"plans":[143],"system.":[151,181],"We":[152],"paradigm":[155],"human-robot":[157],"interaction,":[158],"HuDL.":[159],"second":[161],"general":[165],"problem":[166],"integration,":[169],"specific":[172],"focus":[173],"on":[174],"robotic":[180],"work":[183],"development":[188],"Machine":[192],"Architecture":[193],"(IMA),":[194],"novel":[196],"software":[197],"architecture":[198],"that":[199],"been":[201],"specifically":[202],"designed":[203],"simplify":[205],"integration":[207],"many":[210],"diverse":[211],"algorithms,":[212],"sensors,":[213],"actuators":[215],"necessary":[216],"socially":[218],"intelligent":[219],"Our":[222],"testbed":[223],"described,":[226],"some":[228],"example":[229],"applications":[230],"HuDL":[232],"aids":[234],"physically":[237],"disabled":[238],"are":[239],"given.":[240],"An":[241],"evaluation":[242],"effectiveness":[245],"IMA":[248],"also":[250],"presented.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
