{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985995090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839519508945477","title":"STATLOG: COMPARISON OF CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHMS ON LARGE REAL-WORLD PROBLEMS","display_name":"STATLOG: COMPARISON OF CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHMS ON LARGE REAL-WORLD PROBLEMS","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985995090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839519508945477","mag":"1985995090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839519508945477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839519508945477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020822487","display_name":"Ross D. King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-4387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. D. KING","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics , Strathclyde University , Glasgow, UK","Department of Statistics; Strathclyde University; Glasgow UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics , Strathclyde University , Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics; Strathclyde University; Glasgow UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063478123","display_name":"Cheng Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-5355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125680101","display_name":"Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02x2mw849","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125680101"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. FENG","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Turing Institute Ltd , Glasgow, UK","The Turing Institute Ltd., Glasgow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Turing Institute Ltd , Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125680101"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Turing Institute Ltd., Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125680101"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008897115","display_name":"A. Sutherland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. SUTHERLAND","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics , Strathclyde University , Glasgow, UK","Department of Statistics; Strathclyde University; Glasgow UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics , Strathclyde University , Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics; Strathclyde University; Glasgow UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020822487"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9402,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":322,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90855201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"289","last_page":"333"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.7067999839782715,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.7067999839782715,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.7055000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13748","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Modeling Techniques","score":0.6033999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7550908327102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.5646858215332031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5562041997909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5509747266769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.46980199217796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.46969175338745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46530041098594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4490894377231598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection-pursuit","display_name":"Projection pursuit","score":0.44774845242500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.4366968870162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skew","display_name":"Skew","score":0.4325619339942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4306231141090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-classification","display_name":"Statistical classification","score":0.4219895601272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40163829922676086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.29041317105293274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7550908327102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.5646858215332031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5562041997909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5509747266769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.46980199217796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.46969175338745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46530041098594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4490894377231598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118038509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382970","display_name":"Projection pursuit","level":2,"score":0.44774845242500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.4366968870162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43711488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534783","display_name":"Skew","level":2,"score":0.4325619339942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4306231141090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.4219895601272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40163829922676086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.29041317105293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839519508945477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839519508945477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/bbbdaf29-2eef-445a-9ec3-492810b31587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/bbbdaf29-2eef-445a-9ec3-492810b31587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"King, R D, Feng, C & Sutherland, A 1995, 'StatLog: comparison of classification algorithms on large real-world problems', Applied Artificial Intelligence, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 289-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839519508945477","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.25.8985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.25.8985","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://users.aber.ac.uk/rdk/27.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/bbbdaf29-2eef-445a-9ec3-492810b31587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/statlog-comparison-of-classification-algorithms-on-large-realworld-problems(bbbdaf29-2eef-445a-9ec3-492810b31587).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"King, R D, Feng, C & Sutherland, A 1995, 'StatLog: comparison of classification algorithms on large real-world problems', Applied Artificial Intelligence, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 289-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839519508945477","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086889680","https://openalex.org/W3202247611","https://openalex.org/W4246466849","https://openalex.org/W3153505674","https://openalex.org/W2997511728","https://openalex.org/W4381745996","https://openalex.org/W2119349310","https://openalex.org/W2995276271","https://openalex.org/W4312478656","https://openalex.org/W3168126470"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"work":[3],"in":[4,138],"the":[5,80],"StatLog":[6],"project":[7],"comparing":[8],"classification":[9,133],"algorithms":[10,16,97,134],"on":[11,79],"large":[12],"real-world":[13],"problems.":[14],"The":[15],"compared":[17],"were":[18,54],"from":[19,57,61,66],"symbolic":[20,127],"learning":[21,128],"(CART.":[22],"C4.5,":[23],"NewID,":[24],"AC2,ITrule,":[25],"Cal5,":[26],"CN2),":[27],"statistics":[28],"(Naive":[29],"Bayes,":[30],"k-nearest":[31],"neighbor,":[32],"kernel":[33],"density,":[34],"linear":[35],"discriminant,":[36,38],"quadratic":[37],"logistic":[39],"regression,":[40],"projection":[41],"pursuit,":[42],"Bayesian":[43],"networks),":[44],"and":[45,63,68,114,118],"neural":[46],"networks":[47],"(backpropagation,":[48],"radial":[49],"basis":[50],"functions).":[51],"Twelve":[52],"datasets":[53],"used:":[55],"five":[56],"image":[58],"analysis,":[59],"three":[60],"medicine,":[62],"two":[64],"each":[65],"engineering":[67],"finance.":[69],"We":[70,84,130],"found":[71],"that":[72],"which":[73,96],"algorithm":[74],"performed":[75],"best":[76],"depended":[77],"critically":[78],"data":[81,90,102,106],"set":[82,88,91],"investigated.":[83],"therefore":[85],"developed":[86],"a":[87,139],"of":[89,141],"descriptors":[92],"to":[93,100,125],"help":[94],"decide":[95],"are":[98],"suited":[99],"particular":[101],"sets.":[103],"For":[104],"example,":[105],"sets":[107],"with":[108,119],"extreme":[109],"distributions":[110],"(skew":[111],">":[112,116],"l":[113],"kurtosis":[115],"7)":[117],"many":[120],"binary/categorical":[121],"attributes":[122],"(>38%)":[123],"tend":[124],"favor":[126],"algorithms.":[129],"suggest":[131],"how":[132],"can":[135],"be":[136],"extended":[137],"number":[140],"directions.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}