{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409036100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2025.2479223","title":"Towards Automated Frequency Response Analysis of Power Transformers with Deep Learning","display_name":"Towards Automated Frequency Response Analysis of Power Transformers with Deep Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409036100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2025.2479223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2025.2479223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2025.2479223","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839514.2025.2479223?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839514.2025.2479223?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029149118","display_name":"Micah Phillip","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181134585","display_name":"University of the West","ror":"https://ror.org/01xhcza12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181134585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micah Phillip","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of the West Indies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of the West Indies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181134585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101944641","display_name":"Arvind Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-2948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181134585","display_name":"University of the West","ror":"https://ror.org/01xhcza12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181134585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arvind Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of the West Indies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of the West Indies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181134585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048514187","display_name":"Craig J. Ramlal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0960-528X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181134585","display_name":"University of the West","ror":"https://ror.org/01xhcza12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181134585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig J. Ramlal","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of the West Indies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of the West Indies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181134585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101944641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181134585"],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"fwci":0.9253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73623981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8445074558258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.592430591583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-response","display_name":"Frequency response","score":0.45769697427749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4413066506385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34117576479911804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.30629763007164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.10458117723464966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8445074558258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.592430591583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8590192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054694","display_name":"Frequency response","level":2,"score":0.45769697427749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4413066506385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34117576479911804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.30629763007164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.10458117723464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2025.2479223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2025.2479223","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839514.2025.2479223?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7f9ea3fdc61f4661b1dc7720ff1ca133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7f9ea3fdc61f4661b1dc7720ff1ca133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence, Vol 39, Iss 1 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2025.2479223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2025.2479223","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839514.2025.2479223?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W636831370","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2118574886","https://openalex.org/W2130178280","https://openalex.org/W2141128402","https://openalex.org/W2155512872","https://openalex.org/W2163353478","https://openalex.org/W2169463756","https://openalex.org/W2409725000","https://openalex.org/W2551393996","https://openalex.org/W2556522401","https://openalex.org/W2767916211","https://openalex.org/W2769212884","https://openalex.org/W2782391131","https://openalex.org/W2892035503","https://openalex.org/W2910121883","https://openalex.org/W2910862205","https://openalex.org/W2919358988","https://openalex.org/W2963815651","https://openalex.org/W3053488909","https://openalex.org/W3094414065","https://openalex.org/W3100321043","https://openalex.org/W3122473845","https://openalex.org/W3122689890","https://openalex.org/W3140854437","https://openalex.org/W3159666398","https://openalex.org/W3159716783","https://openalex.org/W3160890227","https://openalex.org/W3166424042","https://openalex.org/W3173133034","https://openalex.org/W3195600610","https://openalex.org/W4220710551","https://openalex.org/W4285552010","https://openalex.org/W4309228781","https://openalex.org/W4367183138","https://openalex.org/W4387336022","https://openalex.org/W4387682109","https://openalex.org/W4387713177","https://openalex.org/W4388552285","https://openalex.org/W4389776786","https://openalex.org/W4401066149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frequency":[0],"response":[1],"analysis":[2],"(FRA)":[3],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"one":[7],"of":[8,16,20,36,90,107],"the":[9,14,17,83],"standard":[10],"techniques":[11],"for":[12],"monitoring":[13],"integrity":[15],"mechanical":[18],"structure":[19],"power":[21],"transformer":[22],"windings.":[23],"Interpreting":[24],"FRA":[25,56,119,126],"test":[26],"results,":[27],"though,":[28],"is":[29],"still":[30],"largely":[31],"dependent":[32],"on":[33],"expert":[34],"identification":[35,51],"graphical":[37],"features.":[38],"Machine":[39],"learning,":[40],"however,":[41],"presents":[42],"an":[43,87],"opportunity":[44],"to":[45,69],"automate":[46],"and":[47,60,63,94,109],"improve":[48],"this":[49,54],"feature":[50],"process.":[52],"In":[53],"study,":[55],"measurements":[57],"were":[58,67],"simulated":[59],"then":[61],"image":[62,79],"series":[64,101,125],"data":[65,120],"representations":[66],"used":[68],"train":[70],"three":[71],"neural":[72],"networks.":[73],"The":[74,92],"Xception":[75],"network,":[76],"trained":[77,99,116,123],"with":[78,86,100],"magnitude":[80,102],"data,":[81,103],"obtained":[82,104],"best":[84],"performance,":[85],"F1":[88,105],"score":[89],"98.6%.":[91],"ResNet":[93],"Fully":[95],"Connected":[96],"Neural":[97],"Network,":[98],"scores":[106],"94.6%":[108],"91.4%,":[110],"respectively.":[111],"Results":[112],"revealed":[113],"that":[114],"networks":[115],"using":[117,124],"image-encoded":[118],"outperformed":[121],"those":[122],"data.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
