{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403101824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2024.2410504","title":"Privacy Issues, Attacks, Countermeasures and Open Problems in Federated Learning: A Survey","display_name":"Privacy Issues, Attacks, Countermeasures and Open Problems in Federated Learning: A Survey","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403101824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2024.2410504"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2024.2410504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2024.2410504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2024.2410504","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012854445","display_name":"Blessing Guembe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7576-9127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186771145","display_name":"Covenant University","ror":"https://ror.org/00frr1n84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186771145"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blessing Guembe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186771145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064136287","display_name":"Sanjay Misra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-9331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19923696","display_name":"\u00d8stfold University College","ror":"https://ror.org/04gf7fp41","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19923696"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130438513","display_name":"Institute for Energy Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqtg033","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130438513"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sanjay Misra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Data Science, Institute for Energy Technology, Halden, Norway","Department of Computer Science and Communication, \u00d8stfold University College, Halden, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Data Science, Institute for Energy Technology, Halden, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130438513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Communication, \u00d8stfold University College, Halden, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19923696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057709779","display_name":"Ambrose Azeta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4826-5775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101993903","display_name":"Namibia University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03gg1ey66","country_code":"NA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101993903"]}],"countries":["NA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ambrose Azeta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Namibia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Namibia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101993903"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064136287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19923696","https://openalex.org/I3130438513"],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"fwci":2.1969,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89565841,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9118213653564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5921012759208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.5303782820701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-research","display_name":"Open research","score":0.5081260204315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-protection","display_name":"Privacy protection","score":0.4895707070827484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.39056164026260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.39055436849594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.33019399642944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20054882764816284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9118213653564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5921012759208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.5303782820701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.5081260204315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.4895707070827484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.39056164026260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.39055436849594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.33019399642944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20054882764816284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2024.2410504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2024.2410504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2d543cb0b08e4197b68f4752d62f6395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2d543cb0b08e4197b68f4752d62f6395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence, Vol 38, Iss 1 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hiof.brage.unit.no:11250/3158564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3158564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"38","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ife.brage.unit.no:11250/3158368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3158368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"50","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2024.2410504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2024.2410504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":113,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007872832","https://openalex.org/W2120513799","https://openalex.org/W2168130919","https://openalex.org/W2531563875","https://openalex.org/W2560674852","https://openalex.org/W2591882872","https://openalex.org/W2593463961","https://openalex.org/W2604738573","https://openalex.org/W2605800822","https://openalex.org/W2615063356","https://openalex.org/W2744999500","https://openalex.org/W2767079719","https://openalex.org/W2774510177","https://openalex.org/W2781091734","https://openalex.org/W2798720628","https://openalex.org/W2807363941","https://openalex.org/W2903356604","https://openalex.org/W2913954081","https://openalex.org/W2946930197","https://openalex.org/W2962763344","https://openalex.org/W2963952467","https://openalex.org/W2964162474","https://openalex.org/W2965721472","https://openalex.org/W2977090839","https://openalex.org/W2980216952","https://openalex.org/W2982302101","https://openalex.org/W2989289980","https://openalex.org/W2995191368","https://openalex.org/W3013124972","https://openalex.org/W3015636663","https://openalex.org/W3015901293","https://openalex.org/W3016169665","https://openalex.org/W3021654819","https://openalex.org/W3041971333","https://openalex.org/W3045590453","https://openalex.org/W3045991950","https://openalex.org/W3049595782","https://openalex.org/W3091635927","https://openalex.org/W3091870957","https://openalex.org/W3092144916","https://openalex.org/W3093755649","https://openalex.org/W3094542121","https://openalex.org/W3095273258","https://openalex.org/W3095915292","https://openalex.org/W3100779497","https://openalex.org/W3101860164","https://openalex.org/W3106673115","https://openalex.org/W3111327456","https://openalex.org/W3113075536","https://openalex.org/W3119680904","https://openalex.org/W3123459983","https://openalex.org/W3136620885","https://openalex.org/W3138597937","https://openalex.org/W3139669840","https://openalex.org/W3157850870","https://openalex.org/W3161357657","https://openalex.org/W3169231731","https://openalex.org/W3176786489","https://openalex.org/W3177173743","https://openalex.org/W3180608480","https://openalex.org/W3193988822","https://openalex.org/W3196053097","https://openalex.org/W3196965143","https://openalex.org/W3198259583","https://openalex.org/W3200969281","https://openalex.org/W3203336515","https://openalex.org/W3203723547","https://openalex.org/W3208259747","https://openalex.org/W3209696639","https://openalex.org/W3217610115","https://openalex.org/W4205708288","https://openalex.org/W4206728481","https://openalex.org/W4206759694","https://openalex.org/W4210630464","https://openalex.org/W4213010368","https://openalex.org/W4213044365","https://openalex.org/W4220733056","https://openalex.org/W4220928404","https://openalex.org/W4220934571","https://openalex.org/W4220967483","https://openalex.org/W4221069139","https://openalex.org/W4221145471","https://openalex.org/W4224227775","https://openalex.org/W4224918093","https://openalex.org/W4225108136","https://openalex.org/W4225591807","https://openalex.org/W4226082367","https://openalex.org/W4229006488","https://openalex.org/W4229455429","https://openalex.org/W4232196967","https://openalex.org/W4242072172","https://openalex.org/W4245729972","https://openalex.org/W4248980851","https://openalex.org/W4249366667","https://openalex.org/W4251117921","https://openalex.org/W4286375442","https://openalex.org/W4288015057","https://openalex.org/W4288391450","https://openalex.org/W4295122507","https://openalex.org/W4312352414","https://openalex.org/W4318211321","https://openalex.org/W4320409841","https://openalex.org/W4323022339","https://openalex.org/W4324116385","https://openalex.org/W4365806382","https://openalex.org/W4366658060","https://openalex.org/W4366815236","https://openalex.org/W4382239439","https://openalex.org/W4385486964","https://openalex.org/W4387105517","https://openalex.org/W4387353472","https://openalex.org/W4388818404","https://openalex.org/W4400915925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298221930","https://openalex.org/W2953707841","https://openalex.org/W1496791764","https://openalex.org/W4318485713","https://openalex.org/W2740319091","https://openalex.org/W1979950616","https://openalex.org/W4225340788","https://openalex.org/W33899462","https://openalex.org/W1409448914","https://openalex.org/W4362582226"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aim:":[0],"This":[1,76,157],"study":[2,77,158],"presents":[3],"a":[4,33,187],"cutting-edge":[5],"survey":[6],"on":[7],"privacyissues,":[8],"security":[9,91,170],"attacks,":[10,145],"countermeasures":[11,93],"and":[12,22,52,81,100,163,179],"open":[13,106],"problemsin":[14],"FL.Methodology:":[15],"The":[16,95,131],"Preferred":[17],"Reporting":[18],"Items":[19],"for":[20,73],"SystematicReviews":[21],"Meta-Analyses":[23],"(PRISMA)":[24],"approach":[25],"was":[26],"used":[27,139],"todetermine":[28],"the":[29,41,74,120,168],"research":[30],"domain,":[31],"establish":[32],"search":[34],"query,":[35],"andanalyze":[36],"all":[37,126],"retrieved":[38],"articles":[39,65,69],"from":[40],"selected":[42],"scientific":[43],"data-bases":[44],"(i.e.":[45],"ACM,":[46],"ArXiv,":[47],"Google":[48],"Scholar,":[49],"IEEE,":[50],"Scopus,ScienceDirect,":[51],"Springer)":[53],"to":[54,140,151,166,176,186],"meet":[55],"eligibility":[56],"criteria":[57],"andselect":[58],"relevant":[59],"articles.":[60],"A":[61],"total":[62],"of":[63,90,112,125,144,155],"1783":[64],"were":[66,70],"retrieved,and":[67],"112":[68],"deemed":[71],"eligible":[72],"study.Result:":[75],"identified":[78,128],"five":[79],"categories":[80],"eleven":[82],"types":[83,89,143,154],"ofattacks,":[84],"as":[85,87,119],"well":[86],"six":[88,142],"attack":[92],"inFL.":[94],"results":[96,132],"show":[97,134],"that":[98,135,160,172],"privacy":[99,137],"heterogeneity":[101],"issues":[102],"arethe":[103],"most":[104],"common":[105],"problems":[107],"in":[108],"FL,":[109],"comprising":[110],"38%":[111],"theselected":[113],"articles,":[114],"while":[115,146],"data":[116],"poisoning":[117],"emerges":[118],"mostcommon":[121],"attack,":[122],"constituting":[123],"25%":[124],"attacks":[127],"inthe":[129],"study.":[130],"also":[133],"differential":[136],"canbe":[138],"combat":[141,152],"anomaly":[147],"detectioncan":[148],"be":[149],"utilized":[150],"four":[153],"attacks.Conclusion:":[156],"reveals":[159],"If":[161],"researchers":[162],"industryexperts":[164],"fail":[165],"solve":[167],"additional":[169],"concerns":[171],"occurfrom":[173],"transferring":[174],"training":[175],"personal":[177],"devices":[178],"private":[180],"enter-prises,":[181],"FL":[182],"adoption":[183],"may":[184],"come":[185],"standstill.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-26T13:28:51.108037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
