{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226287030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2022.2058165","title":"Convolutional Neural Networks Hyperparameter Tunning for Classifying Firearms on Images","display_name":"Convolutional Neural Networks Hyperparameter Tunning for Classifying Firearms on Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226287030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2022.2058165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2022.2058165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2022.2058165","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839514.2022.2058165?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839514.2022.2058165?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085335761","display_name":"Isaac Cardoza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9776-2663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133460883","display_name":"Mexicali Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jfd4440","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133460883"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090124","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/00davry38","country_code":"MX","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302736544","https://openalex.org/I4210090124","https://openalex.org/I4405258672"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaac Cardoza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Systems, Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico/IT Mexicali, Mexicali, M\u00e9xico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9776-2663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems, Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico/IT Mexicali, Mexicali, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133460883","https://openalex.org/I4210090124"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080660191","display_name":"Juan Pablo Gar\u0107\u0131a-V\u00e1zquez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1787-7223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173664879","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California","ror":"https://ror.org/05xwcq167","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173664879"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan P. Garc\u00eda-V\u00e1zquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California (UABC), MyDCI, Mexicali, M\u00e9xico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1787-7223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California (UABC), MyDCI, Mexicali, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173664879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038270758","display_name":"Arnoldo D\u00edaz-Ram\u00edrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6188-0756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133460883","display_name":"Mexicali Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jfd4440","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133460883"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090124","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/00davry38","country_code":"MX","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302736544","https://openalex.org/I4210090124","https://openalex.org/I4405258672"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arnoldo D\u00edaz-Ram\u00edrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Systems, Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico/IT Mexicali, Mexicali, M\u00e9xico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6188-0756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems, Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico/IT Mexicali, Mexicali, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133460883","https://openalex.org/I4210090124"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014090834","display_name":"Ver\u00f3nica Quintero-Rosas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8508-7429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133460883","display_name":"Mexicali Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jfd4440","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133460883"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090124","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/00davry38","country_code":"MX","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302736544","https://openalex.org/I4210090124","https://openalex.org/I4405258672"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ver\u00f3nica Quintero-Rosas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Systems, Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico/IT Mexicali, Mexicali, M\u00e9xico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8508-7429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems, Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico/IT Mexicali, Mexicali, M\u00e9xico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133460883","https://openalex.org/I4210090124"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038270758"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133460883","https://openalex.org/I4210090124"],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"fwci":1.5261,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85115155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.9440000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.9399174451828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8401376008987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8152294754981995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.8076779842376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6909661293029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6247430443763733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5890294909477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.569044828414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5379700064659119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.5000214576721191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4941451847553253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44486528635025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4243907928466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4157974123954773}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.9399174451828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8401376008987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8152294754981995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.8076779842376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6909661293029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6247430443763733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5890294909477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.569044828414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5379700064659119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.5000214576721191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4941451847553253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44486528635025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4243907928466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4157974123954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2022.2058165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2022.2058165","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839514.2022.2058165?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:25380033755a4646805623b55a4d11de","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/25380033755a4646805623b55a4d11de","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence, Vol 36, Iss 1 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2022.2058165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2022.2058165","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839514.2022.2058165?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8645337768","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"996724","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","funder_display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226287030.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2562637781","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2605516844","https://openalex.org/W2614221804","https://openalex.org/W2618353736","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2755520760","https://openalex.org/W2795247881","https://openalex.org/W2806592912","https://openalex.org/W2810270273","https://openalex.org/W2922030436","https://openalex.org/W2922701384","https://openalex.org/W2947084496","https://openalex.org/W2985900096","https://openalex.org/W3014538137","https://openalex.org/W3017079914","https://openalex.org/W3021970402","https://openalex.org/W3028852288","https://openalex.org/W3045004532","https://openalex.org/W3089691395","https://openalex.org/W3120795911","https://openalex.org/W3126744461","https://openalex.org/W3135818718","https://openalex.org/W3140854437","https://openalex.org/W3144145149","https://openalex.org/W3146977894","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W3193886260","https://openalex.org/W4211116959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206951940","https://openalex.org/W4293868382","https://openalex.org/W4387850423","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4206657577","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3183901164","https://openalex.org/W4206357785","https://openalex.org/W4281381188","https://openalex.org/W2951211570"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,162],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,21,40,53,64,72,76,79,118,125,131,140,143,167,190,201,228,231,235,238,244,247,251,258,265],"rates":[4],"of":[5,23,55,66,81,128,145,157,186,218,230,241],"firearm-related":[6],"violent":[7],"acts":[8],"worldwide":[9],"have":[10],"risen":[11],"significantly.":[12],"It":[13],"is":[14],"a":[15,58,183,204,210,216],"severe":[16],"social":[17],"problem":[18],"that":[19],"compromises":[20],"safety":[22],"every":[24],"individual":[25],"to":[26,34,38,49,208,262],"some":[27],"extent.":[28],"This":[29],"situation":[30],"has":[31],"motivated":[32],"researchers":[33],"find":[35],"new":[36],"ways":[37],"improve":[39],"current":[41],"state-of-the-art":[42],"solutions,":[43],"such":[44],"as":[45,200],"automatic":[46],"surveillance":[47],"systems,":[48],"detect":[50],"and":[51,178,194,203,215,234,250],"classify":[52],"presence":[54],"firearms":[56],"within":[57],"specific":[59,239],"scene.":[60],"These":[61],"systems":[62],"reduce":[63],"drawbacks":[65],"using":[67,113,158,170,189],"direct":[68],"human":[69],"supervision.":[70],"Among":[71],"available":[73],"solutions":[74],"for":[75,130,243],"classification":[77,119,149,232],"task,":[78],"performance":[80,144,168,229],"Deep":[82],"Learning":[83,115],"models":[84],"stands":[85],"out,":[86],"especially":[87],"those":[88],"based":[89],"on":[90,123],"Convolutional":[91,173],"Neural":[92,174],"Networks.":[93],"Since":[94],"they":[95],"start":[96],"learning":[97,105,205,252],"directly":[98],"from":[99],"raw":[100],"data":[101,236],"(e.g.,":[102],"images),":[103],"their":[104],"process":[106],"can":[107],"be":[108],"improved":[109],"even":[110],"further":[111],"by":[112],"Transfer":[114],"techniques.":[116],"However,":[117],"accuracy":[120,185,259],"depends":[121],"significantly":[122],"choosing":[124],"optimum":[126],"set":[127],"values":[129,155,242],"different":[132],"hyperparameters":[133],"composing":[134],"them.":[135],"Thus,":[136],"this":[137,163],"paper":[138],"analyses":[139],"improvement":[141,256],"in":[142,257],"an":[146,224],"image-based":[147],"handgun":[148],"algorithm":[150],"when":[151,188],"tuning":[152,266],"its":[153,159],"hypermeters":[154],"instead":[156],"default":[160],"values.":[161],"work,":[164],"we":[165],"evaluated":[166],"variation":[169],"two":[171],"benchmarks":[172],"Networks":[175],"architectures:":[176],"AlexNet":[177],"Inception":[179,191],"V3.":[180],"We":[181,197],"obtained":[182,255],"maximum":[184],"94.11%":[187],"V3":[192],"network":[193],"transfer":[195],"learning.":[196],"employed":[198],"Nadam":[199],"optimizer":[202],"rate":[206],"equal":[207,213],"0.0001,":[209],"batch":[211,248],"size":[212],"256,":[214],"total":[217],"13":[219],"epochs.":[220],"Experimental":[221],"results":[222],"suggest":[223],"essential":[225],"relationship":[226],"between":[227],"model":[233],"set,":[237],"combinations":[240],"selected":[245],"optimizer,":[246],"size,":[249],"rate.":[253],"The":[254],"was":[260],"up":[261],"10.33%":[263],"after":[264],"process.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}