{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197038685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2021.1975381","title":"Classification of Deep-SAT Images under Label Noise","display_name":"Classification of Deep-SAT Images under Label Noise","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197038685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2021.1975381","mag":"3197038685"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2021.1975381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2021.1975381","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839514.2021.1975381?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839514.2021.1975381?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056276342","display_name":"Mohammad Minhazul Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-2132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157386601","display_name":"North South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wdbfp45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Minhazul Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097899395","display_name":"Md Gazuruddin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157386601","display_name":"North South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wdbfp45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Gazuruddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037421857","display_name":"Nahian Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-4166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nahian Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079976425","display_name":"Abdul Motaleb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157386601","display_name":"North South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wdbfp45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Motaleb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112884768","display_name":"Masud Rana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2983-095X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157386601","display_name":"North South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wdbfp45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masud Rana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024461592","display_name":"Romman Riyadh Shishir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157386601","display_name":"North South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wdbfp45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romman Riyadh Shishir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009160043","display_name":"Sabrina Yeasmin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157386601","display_name":"North South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wdbfp45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabrina Yeasmin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071303493","display_name":"Rashedur M. Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4514-6279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157386601","display_name":"North South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wdbfp45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rashedur M. Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4514-6279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071303493"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7475,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74755275,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"14","first_page":"1196","last_page":"1218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8567917346954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.7787615060806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7262919545173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7015067934989929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6316260099411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5131812691688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5097696185112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4915386140346527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.4353838264942169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41663622856140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.41589656472206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.3549342453479767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33257943391799927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8567917346954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.7787615060806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7262919545173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7015067934989929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6316260099411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5131812691688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5097696185112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4915386140346527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.4353838264942169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41663622856140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41589656472206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.3549342453479767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33257943391799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2021.1975381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2021.1975381","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839514.2021.1975381?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:08dc29f18e2846a4b118526e066af91f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/08dc29f18e2846a4b118526e066af91f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence, Vol 35, Iss 14, Pp 1196-1218 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2021.1975381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2021.1975381","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08839514.2021.1975381?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330545","display_name":"North South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wdbfp45"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011010318","https://openalex.org/W2059432853","https://openalex.org/W2099548764","https://openalex.org/W2170226188","https://openalex.org/W2589453516","https://openalex.org/W2604086375","https://openalex.org/W2745185400","https://openalex.org/W2901458284","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3103016133","https://openalex.org/W4252084743"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W4287867034","https://openalex.org/W3108403339","https://openalex.org/W2162712524","https://openalex.org/W2142924612","https://openalex.org/W3005783148","https://openalex.org/W4312518509","https://openalex.org/W383418545","https://openalex.org/W2004821155","https://openalex.org/W4367628250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,4,16,54,96,134,187],"the":[2,14,20,79,119,129,132,137,149,153,162,179,185],"challenges":[3],"training":[5,120],"artificial":[6,97],"intelligence":[7],"models":[8],"for":[9,192],"classifying":[10],"satellite":[11,42],"images":[12,80],"is":[13,171],"presence":[15],"label":[17,98,166,169],"noise":[18,135,170,188],"in":[19,175],"datasets":[21,44],"that":[22,59],"are":[23,100,125,140,158],"sometimes":[24],"crowd-source":[25],"labeled":[26,41],"and":[27,48,81,112,131,152],"as":[28],"a":[29,62,172],"result,":[30],"somewhat":[31],"error":[32],"prone.":[33],"In":[34,91],"our":[35,92,147],"work,":[36],"we":[37],"have":[38,67],"utilized":[39],"three":[40,94],"image":[43,57,177],"namely,":[45],"SAT-6,":[46],"SAT-4,":[47],"EuroSAT.":[49],"The":[50,122],"combined":[51],"dataset":[52],"consists":[53],"over":[55],"900,000":[56],"patches":[58],"belong":[60],"to":[61,75,118,127,160,165],"land":[63],"cover":[64],"class.":[65],"We":[66],"applied":[68],"some":[69],"standard":[70],"pixel-based":[71],"feature":[72],"extraction":[73],"algorithms":[74],"extract":[76],"features":[77,85],"from":[78],"then":[82],"trained":[83],"those":[84],"with":[86,142],"various":[87,193],"machine":[88],"learning":[89],"algorithms.":[90],"experiment,":[93],"types":[95],"noises":[99],"injected":[101],"\u2013":[102],"Noise":[103,108,113],"Completely":[104],"at":[105,109,115],"Random":[106,110,116,150],"(NCAR),":[107],"(NAR)":[111],"Not":[114],"(NNAR)":[117],"datasets.":[121],"noisy":[123],"data":[124],"used":[126],"train":[128],"algorithms,":[130],"effect":[133],"on":[136],"algorithm":[138],"performance":[139],"compared":[141],"noise-free":[143],"test":[144],"sets.":[145],"From":[146],"study,":[148],"Forest":[151],"Back-propagation":[154],"Neural":[155],"Network":[156],"classifiers":[157],"found":[159],"be":[161],"least":[163],"sensitive":[164],"noises.":[167],"As":[168],"common":[173],"scenario":[174],"human-labeled":[176],"datasets,":[178],"current":[180],"research":[181],"initiative":[182],"will":[183],"help":[184],"development":[186],"robust":[189],"classification":[190],"methods":[191],"relevant":[194],"applications.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T21:40:30.786675","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}