{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2772009724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2018.1464286","title":"Why Not Robot Teachers: Artificial Intelligence for Addressing Teacher Shortage","display_name":"Why Not Robot Teachers: Artificial Intelligence for Addressing Teacher Shortage","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2772009724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2018.1464286","mag":"2772009724"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2018.1464286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2018.1464286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058277339","display_name":"Bosede Iyiade Edwards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6922-311X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bosede I. Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":["City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, United Kingdom","Imagineering Institute, Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imagineering Institute, Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013649214","display_name":"Adrian David Cheok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-2339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian D. Cheok","raw_affiliation_strings":["City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, United Kingdom","Imagineering Institute, Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imagineering Institute, Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058277339"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2143,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":173,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98635256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"4","first_page":"345","last_page":"360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affordance","display_name":"Affordance","score":0.7190269231796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-psychology","display_name":"Personality psychology","score":0.7175207138061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7012813091278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-shortage","display_name":"Economic shortage","score":0.6909438967704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6273853182792664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality","display_name":"Personality","score":0.5381276607513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.5151156783103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5073928236961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.33046719431877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19061881303787231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.08912715315818787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194995250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531136","display_name":"Affordance","level":2,"score":0.7190269231796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25908422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271716","display_name":"Personality psychology","level":3,"score":0.7175207138061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7012813091278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.6909438967704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6273853182792664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.5381276607513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.5151156783103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5073928236961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.33046719431877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19061881303787231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.08912715315818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2018.1464286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2018.1464286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:777a649b53564590b7e492cf8e476c0e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/777a649b53564590b7e492cf8e476c0e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence, Vol 32, Iss 4, Pp 345-360 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W289358779","https://openalex.org/W346191509","https://openalex.org/W1529132405","https://openalex.org/W1529768225","https://openalex.org/W1539042585","https://openalex.org/W1546947561","https://openalex.org/W1590182290","https://openalex.org/W1595897272","https://openalex.org/W1658775563","https://openalex.org/W1971902422","https://openalex.org/W2001868978","https://openalex.org/W2009638465","https://openalex.org/W2018688169","https://openalex.org/W2026909793","https://openalex.org/W2035061933","https://openalex.org/W2040442527","https://openalex.org/W2053614598","https://openalex.org/W2058677700","https://openalex.org/W2081994289","https://openalex.org/W2093312545","https://openalex.org/W2097819313","https://openalex.org/W2098703055","https://openalex.org/W2099307718","https://openalex.org/W2123654411","https://openalex.org/W2136341266","https://openalex.org/W2140240788","https://openalex.org/W2145978062","https://openalex.org/W2156398391","https://openalex.org/W2158834601","https://openalex.org/W2166444417","https://openalex.org/W2167987754","https://openalex.org/W2171876690","https://openalex.org/W2216819074","https://openalex.org/W2261178860","https://openalex.org/W2262643105","https://openalex.org/W2411322515","https://openalex.org/W2475212090","https://openalex.org/W2557738935","https://openalex.org/W2562451740","https://openalex.org/W2584164347","https://openalex.org/W2590257418","https://openalex.org/W3111033241","https://openalex.org/W4214756639","https://openalex.org/W4236643381","https://openalex.org/W4256506600","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W606758982","https://openalex.org/W2359937039","https://openalex.org/W2593100104","https://openalex.org/W3212905955","https://openalex.org/W2242292706","https://openalex.org/W4250451749","https://openalex.org/W1552792398","https://openalex.org/W2387397060","https://openalex.org/W2351639388","https://openalex.org/W2494299912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Global":[0],"teacher":[1,22,75,137],"shortage":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,102,135],"serious":[5],"concern":[6],"with":[7,105],"grave":[8],"implications":[9],"for":[10,17,33,44,101,143],"the":[11,31,45,91,94,110,132],"future":[12,103,144],"of":[13,20,27,47,61,93,114,119,134],"education.":[14],"This":[15,64],"calls":[16],"novel":[18],"ways":[19],"addressing":[21],"roles.":[23],"The":[24],"economic":[25],"benefits":[26],"tireless":[28],"labor":[29],"inspires":[30],"need":[32],"teachers":[34],"who":[35],"are":[36,149],"unlimited":[37],"by":[38],"natural":[39],"human":[40,62],"demands,":[41],"highlighting":[42,109],"consideration":[43],"affordances":[46],"robotics":[48],"and":[49,125,147],"Artificial":[50],"Intelligence":[51],"in":[52,58,90,117],"Education":[53],"(AIED)":[54],"as":[55],"currently":[56],"obtainable":[57],"other":[59],"areas":[60],"life.":[63],"however":[65],"demands":[66],"designing":[67],"robotic":[68],"personalities":[69,116],"that":[70,80],"can":[71],"take":[72],"on":[73,131,139],"independent":[74,106],"roles":[76],"despite":[77],"strong":[78],"opinions":[79],"robots":[81],"will":[82],"not":[83],"be":[84],"able":[85],"to":[86],"fully":[87],"replace":[88],"humans":[89],"classroom":[92,104],"future.":[95],"In":[96],"this":[97],"article,":[98],"we":[99],"argue":[100],"robot":[107,136],"teachers,":[108],"minimum":[111],"capabilities":[112],"required":[113],"such":[115],"terms":[118],"personality,":[120],"instructional":[121],"delivery,":[122],"social":[123],"interaction,":[124],"affect.":[126],"We":[127],"describe":[128],"our":[129],"project":[130],"design":[133],"based":[138],"these.":[140],"Possible":[141],"directions":[142],"system":[145],"development":[146],"studies":[148],"highlighted.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
