{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2558143529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2016.1229919","title":"An Ethics Evaluation Tool for Automating Ethical Decision-Making in Robots and Self-Driving Cars","display_name":"An Ethics Evaluation Tool for Automating Ethical Decision-Making in Robots and Self-Driving Cars","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2558143529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2016.1229919","mag":"2558143529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2016.1229919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2016.1229919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029165669","display_name":"Jason Millar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jason Millar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029165669"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5613,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95635468,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"8","first_page":"787","last_page":"809"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-decision","display_name":"Ethical decision","score":0.811651349067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.7669956684112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7583657503128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.6311290264129639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5676218271255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5467832684516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5464928150177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.5432880520820618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4696841537952423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43116337060928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4196435511112213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.37567806243896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.15407246351242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08759278059005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.08683261275291443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776768071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5403402","display_name":"Ethical decision","level":2,"score":0.811651349067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.7669956684112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7583657503128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6311290264129639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5676218271255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5467832684516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5464928150177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.5432880520820618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4696841537952423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43116337060928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4196435511112213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.37567806243896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.15407246351242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08759278059005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08683261275291443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2016.1229919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2016.1229919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W612386859","https://openalex.org/W1526433725","https://openalex.org/W1528027857","https://openalex.org/W1595732857","https://openalex.org/W1931759343","https://openalex.org/W1972180936","https://openalex.org/W2013524248","https://openalex.org/W2021641437","https://openalex.org/W2033013373","https://openalex.org/W2041656516","https://openalex.org/W2072326761","https://openalex.org/W2089192547","https://openalex.org/W2106373505","https://openalex.org/W2108501562","https://openalex.org/W2117064550","https://openalex.org/W2128868982","https://openalex.org/W2148587638","https://openalex.org/W2175755790","https://openalex.org/W2176759570","https://openalex.org/W2303951397","https://openalex.org/W2498552827","https://openalex.org/W3134230111","https://openalex.org/W4200196630","https://openalex.org/W4234636601","https://openalex.org/W4237895723","https://openalex.org/W4242302141","https://openalex.org/W4253257791","https://openalex.org/W4388073570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508899372","https://openalex.org/W2012658348","https://openalex.org/W2039460805","https://openalex.org/W4250956039","https://openalex.org/W4240485100","https://openalex.org/W4254970379","https://openalex.org/W2992534160","https://openalex.org/W1595058678","https://openalex.org/W3022812046","https://openalex.org/W1136777736"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"we":[1,13,73],"march":[2],"down":[3],"the":[4,94,112,125],"road":[5],"of":[6,21,96,142],"automation":[7,95],"in":[8,24,67,111],"robotics":[9],"and":[10,43,81,88,115,133],"artificial":[11],"intelligence,":[12],"will":[14,46],"need":[15],"to":[16,29,48,53,75,128,138],"automate":[17,139],"an":[18],"increasing":[19],"amount":[20],"ethical":[22,36,60,90,97,103,143],"decision-making":[23,37,61],"order":[25],"for":[26,41],"our":[27],"devices":[28],"operate":[30],"independently":[31],"from":[32],"us.":[33],"But":[34],"automating":[35],"raises":[38],"novel":[39],"questions":[40],"engineers":[42],"designers,":[44,131],"who":[45],"have":[47],"make":[49],"decisions":[50],"about":[51],"how":[52,136],"accomplish":[54],"that":[55,92,105,120],"task.":[56],"For":[57],"example,":[58],"some":[59,101],"involves":[62],"hard":[63],"moral":[64],"cases,":[65],"which":[66],"turn":[68],"requires":[69],"user":[70],"input":[71],"if":[72],"are":[74],"respect":[76],"established":[77],"norms":[78],"surrounding":[79],"autonomy":[80],"informed":[82],"consent.":[83],"The":[84],"author":[85],"considers":[86],"this":[87],"other":[89],"considerations":[91],"accompany":[93],"decision-making.":[98,144],"He":[99],"proposes":[100],"general":[102],"requirements":[104],"should":[106],"be":[107,122],"taken":[108],"into":[109,124],"account":[110],"design":[113,118,126],"room,":[114],"sketches":[116],"a":[117],"tool":[119],"can":[121],"integrated":[123],"process":[127],"help":[129],"engineers,":[130],"ethicists,":[132],"policymakers":[134],"decide":[135],"best":[137],"certain":[140],"forms":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
