{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2340561197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2016.1156952","title":"A Dialogue between a Lawyer and Computer Scientist: The Evaluation of Knowledge Transformation from Legal Text to Computer-Readable Format","display_name":"A Dialogue between a Lawyer and Computer Scientist: The Evaluation of Knowledge Transformation from Legal Text to Computer-Readable Format","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2340561197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2016.1156952","mag":"2340561197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2016.1156952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2016.1156952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034824025","display_name":"Shashishekar Ramakrishna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2832-0415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shashishekar Ramakrishna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102747885","display_name":"\u0141ukasz G\u00f3rski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0871-6575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019271933","display_name":"Nicolaus Copernicus University","ror":"https://ror.org/0102mm775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019271933"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0141ukasz G\u00f3rski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Law and Administration, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toru\u0144, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Law and Administration, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toru\u0144, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019271933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088336451","display_name":"Adrian Paschke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3156-9040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Paschke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034824025"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0929,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97037844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"216","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9485999941825867,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8589074015617371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6300760507583618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argumentation-theory","display_name":"Argumentation theory","score":0.6195706129074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject-matter-expert","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","score":0.6185045838356018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5941550731658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.5756625533103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.5426327586174011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.4648953974246979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.3932894468307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3896109461784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.33905312418937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3286476731300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11139175295829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10914045572280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.090547114610672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8589074015617371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6300760507583618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65059942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270105","display_name":"Argumentation theory","level":2,"score":0.6195706129074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105002631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4833645","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","level":3,"score":0.6185045838356018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5941550731658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5756625533103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.5426327586174011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.4648953974246979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.3932894468307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3896109461784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.33905312418937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3286476731300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11139175295829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10914045572280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.090547114610672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08839514.2016.1156952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2016.1156952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125501549","display_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0883-9514","issn":["0883-9514","1087-6545"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-590199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-590199.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer FOKUS","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/262697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/262697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37156599","https://openalex.org/W96142136","https://openalex.org/W102054753","https://openalex.org/W203440368","https://openalex.org/W266596216","https://openalex.org/W1518959137","https://openalex.org/W1523651312","https://openalex.org/W1534300037","https://openalex.org/W1544648841","https://openalex.org/W1558761698","https://openalex.org/W1568922413","https://openalex.org/W1605047064","https://openalex.org/W1966619306","https://openalex.org/W1978229367","https://openalex.org/W2053498754","https://openalex.org/W2115993492","https://openalex.org/W2169489461","https://openalex.org/W2179556966","https://openalex.org/W2227593037","https://openalex.org/W2465309725","https://openalex.org/W2487225264","https://openalex.org/W2555756618","https://openalex.org/W4200280944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124618300","https://openalex.org/W4251129740","https://openalex.org/W4289529465","https://openalex.org/W1752292405","https://openalex.org/W1983574532","https://openalex.org/W2038540893","https://openalex.org/W2036908429","https://openalex.org/W2277666011","https://openalex.org/W2279978373","https://openalex.org/W4235667779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Involvement":[0],"of":[1,22,31,50,70],"a":[2,20,55,96],"domain":[3,6],"expert":[4],"in":[5,12,24,88],"knowledge":[7,32,94],"modeling,":[8],"for":[9,37,100,103],"its":[10,35,76],"use":[11],"an":[13,104],"automated":[14],"decision":[15,97],"support":[16,98],"system,":[17],"has":[18],"been":[19],"subject":[21],"interest":[23],"the":[25,51,59,68,84,90],"last":[26],"few":[27],"decades.":[28],"The":[29],"process":[30,56,69],"creation":[33,72],"and":[34,42,66,75,92],"transformation":[36,77],"further":[38],"reasoning":[39],"requires":[40],"verification":[41],"validation.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"article,":[46],"we":[47],"provide":[48],"details":[49],"first":[52],"approaches":[53],"to":[54,64,78],"that":[57],"uses":[58],"well-known":[60],"CQ-based":[61],"evaluation":[62],"methodology":[63],"identify":[65],"evaluate":[67],"legal-knowledge":[71],"using":[73,89],"SBVR-SE":[74],"OWL":[79],"2.":[80],"Thereby,":[81],"it":[82],"increases":[83],"legal":[85],"practitioner\u2019s":[86],"confidence":[87],"created":[91],"transformed":[93],"within":[95],"system":[99],"deriving":[101],"inferences":[102],"in-court":[105],"argumentation.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
