{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3098277899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2020.1790187","title":"The Effectiveness of Abstract Versus Concrete Fear Appeals in Information Security","display_name":"The Effectiveness of Abstract Versus Concrete Fear Appeals in Information Security","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3098277899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2020.1790187","mag":"3098277899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/07421222.2020.1790187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2020.1790187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9954729","display_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","issn_l":"0742-1222","issn":["0742-1222","1557-928X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006112042","display_name":"Sebastian Schuetz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0503-4472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian W. Schuetz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics,  College of Business, Florida International University , Miami, FL, USA","Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, College of Business, Florida International University , Miami, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics,  College of Business, Florida International University , Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, College of Business, Florida International University , Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009502121","display_name":"Paul Benjamin Lowry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0187-5808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Benjamin Lowry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Information Technology,  Pamplin College of Business , Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","Department of Business Information Technology, Pamplin College of Business , Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Information Technology,  Pamplin College of Business , Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Information Technology, Pamplin College of Business , Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073845211","display_name":"Daniel Pienta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0171-6372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157394403","display_name":"Baylor University","ror":"https://ror.org/005781934","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel A. Pienta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hankamer School of Business,  Baylor University , Waco, TX, USA","Hankamer School of Business, Baylor University , Waco, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hankamer School of Business,  Baylor University , Waco, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hankamer School of Business, Baylor University , Waco, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157394403"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028695671","display_name":"Jason Bennett Thatcher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7136-8836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84392919","display_name":"Temple University","ror":"https://ror.org/00kx1jb78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Bennett Thatcher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Information Systems,  Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA","Department of Management Information Systems, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Information Systems,  Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Information Systems, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009502121"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.4055,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98465911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"3","first_page":"723","last_page":"757"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.5782418847084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.5189090371131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.4884904623031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology","display_name":"Information technology","score":0.4833931028842926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-information-systems","display_name":"Management information systems","score":0.47813665866851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.4542953073978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miami","display_name":"Miami","score":0.42117375135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.40963518619537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33719009160995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.3328173756599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.24111193418502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1850380003452301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.11958104372024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.1132308840751648}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.5782418847084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5189090371131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.4884904623031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.4833931028842926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29848774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61905","display_name":"Management information systems","level":3,"score":0.47813665866851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.4542953073978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2606647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6827257","display_name":"Miami","level":2,"score":0.42117375135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.40963518619537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33719009160995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3328173756599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24111193418502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1850380003452301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11958104372024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.1132308840751648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/07421222.2020.1790187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2020.1790187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9954729","display_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","issn_l":"0742-1222","issn":["0742-1222","1557-928X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":118,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W129912261","https://openalex.org/W135928568","https://openalex.org/W324885528","https://openalex.org/W635879108","https://openalex.org/W1414253448","https://openalex.org/W1494581773","https://openalex.org/W1552034192","https://openalex.org/W1584886768","https://openalex.org/W1697891403","https://openalex.org/W1912997501","https://openalex.org/W1973948212","https://openalex.org/W1975580288","https://openalex.org/W1987417038","https://openalex.org/W1997092577","https://openalex.org/W1999565228","https://openalex.org/W2001862077","https://openalex.org/W2004147962","https://openalex.org/W2010902645","https://openalex.org/W2012818426","https://openalex.org/W2017785078","https://openalex.org/W2020840281","https://openalex.org/W2022789359","https://openalex.org/W2024226727","https://openalex.org/W2024488177","https://openalex.org/W2025829466","https://openalex.org/W2026286433","https://openalex.org/W2029591949","https://openalex.org/W2032639940","https://openalex.org/W2049571112","https://openalex.org/W2052490674","https://openalex.org/W2053666387","https://openalex.org/W2060010505","https://openalex.org/W2060141243","https://openalex.org/W2071869991","https://openalex.org/W2078350637","https://openalex.org/W2081430061","https://openalex.org/W2085463891","https://openalex.org/W2085955612","https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W2089457241","https://openalex.org/W2091261347","https://openalex.org/W2091277221","https://openalex.org/W2099104144","https://openalex.org/W2099647042","https://openalex.org/W2106096361","https://openalex.org/W2110380947","https://openalex.org/W2128376701","https://openalex.org/W2129528797","https://openalex.org/W2129644018","https://openalex.org/W2133456431","https://openalex.org/W2134081076","https://openalex.org/W2138587375","https://openalex.org/W2139204976","https://openalex.org/W2140294498","https://openalex.org/W2148235194","https://openalex.org/W2154423338","https://openalex.org/W2154900991","https://openalex.org/W2163241745","https://openalex.org/W2167344400","https://openalex.org/W2168351114","https://openalex.org/W2170899042","https://openalex.org/W2180161642","https://openalex.org/W2188966318","https://openalex.org/W2197722466","https://openalex.org/W2204032447","https://openalex.org/W2238586764","https://openalex.org/W2247449057","https://openalex.org/W2276368824","https://openalex.org/W2309132053","https://openalex.org/W2312711238","https://openalex.org/W2325578273","https://openalex.org/W2333578621","https://openalex.org/W2335888457","https://openalex.org/W2342078981","https://openalex.org/W2345138829","https://openalex.org/W2394652975","https://openalex.org/W2402196826","https://openalex.org/W2407226211","https://openalex.org/W2462818552","https://openalex.org/W2493140117","https://openalex.org/W2498119267","https://openalex.org/W2556842507","https://openalex.org/W2559954809","https://openalex.org/W2563010877","https://openalex.org/W2578242082","https://openalex.org/W2595629513","https://openalex.org/W2596964584","https://openalex.org/W2605483535","https://openalex.org/W2606850380","https://openalex.org/W2622838936","https://openalex.org/W2745971308","https://openalex.org/W2760340879","https://openalex.org/W2767985696","https://openalex.org/W2768849025","https://openalex.org/W2782420259","https://openalex.org/W2791402275","https://openalex.org/W2804521551","https://openalex.org/W2804733712","https://openalex.org/W2883296141","https://openalex.org/W2910944388","https://openalex.org/W2917892915","https://openalex.org/W2944944168","https://openalex.org/W2969616889","https://openalex.org/W2992175917","https://openalex.org/W2998104786","https://openalex.org/W3006161904","https://openalex.org/W3007177564","https://openalex.org/W3122078363","https://openalex.org/W3123043436","https://openalex.org/W3123895079","https://openalex.org/W3124258878","https://openalex.org/W3124682906","https://openalex.org/W3124878131","https://openalex.org/W3126055879","https://openalex.org/W4230514847","https://openalex.org/W4243162958","https://openalex.org/W4247140771","https://openalex.org/W4249369787"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295836778","https://openalex.org/W182423619","https://openalex.org/W582606261","https://openalex.org/W2184817066","https://openalex.org/W2003325800","https://openalex.org/W2181808384","https://openalex.org/W2898377102","https://openalex.org/W4232845001","https://openalex.org/W2118490372","https://openalex.org/W1978187271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sebastian":[0],"W.":[1,62],"Schuetza,":[2],"Paul":[3],"Benjamin":[4,127],"Lowryb*,":[5],"Daniel":[6],"A.":[7,260],"Pientac":[8],"&":[9],"Jason":[10],"Bennett":[11,355],"Thatcherda":[12],"Department":[13,29,52,365],"of":[14,21,30,36,45,53,83,100,112,117,143,167,211,222,232,241,245,250,256,294,306,336,341,345,351,366,374,376,385,407,417,428,436],"Information":[15,32,55,77,114,120,162,213,218,226,233,274,338,342,368,409,413,440],"Systems":[16,121,163,214,219,275,369,414,441],"and":[17,96,123,136,174,177,183,190,192,198,235,253,258,284,297,322,324,348,388,394,422,426,442],"Business":[18,31,144,375],"Analytics,":[19],"College":[20,35,142],"Business,":[22,37,46],"Florida":[23,69],"International":[24,70],"University,":[25,48,58],"Miami,":[26],"FL,":[27],"USAb":[28],"Technology,":[33,343],"Pamplin":[34,141],"Virginia":[38,146],"Tech,":[39],"Blacksburg,":[40],"VA,":[41],"USAc":[42],"Hankamer":[43],"School":[44,373],"Baylor":[47,267],"Waco,":[49],"TX,":[50],"USAd":[51],"Management":[54,113,161,212,337,367,408],"Systems,":[56,115,234,339,410],"Temple":[57,377],"Philadelphia,":[59],"PA,":[60],"USASebastian":[61],"Schuetz":[63],"is":[64,129,149,238,262,332],"an":[65,263],"Assistant":[66,264],"Professor":[67,135,265],"at":[68,139,145,266,370,445],"University.":[71,268,278,378],"He":[72,148,156,237,269,287,312,431],"received":[73,157,270],"his":[74,158,271],"Ph.D.":[75,153,159,272],"in":[76,86,109,160,208,273,303,316,334,363,399,404],"systems":[78],"from":[79,164,276],"the":[80,97,110,118,130,140,151,165,209,223,242,291,307,346,349,358,364,371,383,405,429,437],"City":[81],"University":[82,166],"Hong":[84],"Kong":[85],"2017.":[87],"His":[88,103,169,279,327,401],"research":[89,170,280,381],"interests":[90,171],"relate":[91],"to":[92],"information":[93,101,319],"security":[94,176],"management":[95,398],"societal":[98],"implications":[99],"technology.":[102],"work":[104,328,402],"has":[105,203,288,313,329,432],"appeared,":[106],"among":[107],"others,":[108],"Journal":[111,116,210,221,228,231,335,340,406,416,427],"AIS,":[119,347],"Journal,":[122],"several":[124,352],"international":[125,353],"conferences.Paul":[126],"Lowry":[128,202],"Suzanne":[131],"Parker":[132],"Thornhill":[133],"Chair":[134],"Eminent":[137],"Scholar":[138],"Tech.":[147],"also":[150],"BIT":[152],"program":[154],"director.":[155],"Arizona.":[168],"include":[172],"organizational":[173],"behavioral":[175,283],"privacy;":[178],"online":[179,181],"deviance,":[180],"harassment,":[182],"computer":[184],"ethics;":[185],"human-computer":[186],"interaction,":[187],"social":[188],"media,":[189],"gamification;":[191],"business":[193],"analytics,":[194],"decision":[195],"sciences,":[196],"innovation,":[197],"supply":[199],"chains.":[200],"Dr.":[201,379],"published":[204],"over":[205],"127":[206],"papers":[207],"(JMIS),":[215],"MIS":[216,411,446],"Quarterly,":[217,412],"Research,":[220,415],"AIS":[224],"(JAIS),":[225],"System":[227],"(ISJ),":[229],"European":[230],"others.":[236],"a":[239,247,295],"member":[240],"Editorial":[243],"Board":[244],"JMIS,":[246],"department":[248],"editor":[249,255],"Decision":[251,424],"Sciences,":[252],"senior":[254],"JAIS":[257],"ISJ.Daniel":[259],"Pienta":[261],"Clemson":[277],"focuses":[281],"on":[282,390],"technical":[285],"cybersecurity.":[286],"worked":[289],"as":[290,434],"managing":[292],"director":[293],"cybersecurity":[296],"due":[298],"diligence":[299],"consulting":[300],"firm,":[301],"specialized":[302],"servicing":[304],"some":[305],"largest":[308],"commercial":[309],"lending":[310],"institutions.":[311],"extensive":[314],"experience":[315],"penetration":[317],"testing,":[318],"system":[320],"design":[321],"development,":[323],"user":[325],"experience.":[326],"appeared":[330],"or":[331],"forthcoming":[333],"Communications":[344],"proceedings":[350],"conferences.Jason":[354],"Thatcher":[356],"holds":[357],"Milton":[359],"F.":[360],"Stauffer":[361],"Professorship":[362],"Fox":[372],"Thatcher's":[380],"examines":[382],"influence":[384],"individual":[386],"beliefs":[387],"characteristics":[389],"technology":[391],"use,":[392],"cybersecurity,":[393],"IT":[395],"human":[396],"resource":[397],"organizations.":[400],"appears":[403],"Applied":[418],"Psychology,":[419],"Organizational":[420],"Behavior":[421],"Human":[423],"Processes,":[425],"AIS.":[430],"served":[433],"President":[435],"Association":[438],"for":[439],"Senior":[443],"Editor":[444],"Quarterly.":[447]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
