{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2423578865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2016.1172457","title":"Duopoly Pricing Strategy for Information Products with Premium Service: Free Product or Bundling?","display_name":"Duopoly Pricing Strategy for Information Products with Premium Service: Free Product or Bundling?","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2423578865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2016.1172457","mag":"2423578865"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/07421222.2016.1172457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2016.1172457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9954729","display_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","issn_l":"0742-1222","issn":["0742-1222","1557-928X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687435","display_name":"Zan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-1620"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["View further author information"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085394352","display_name":"Guofang Nan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8484-4395"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guofang Nan","raw_affiliation_strings":["View further author information"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101423504","display_name":"Minqiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7929-3747"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minqiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["View further author information"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037984091","display_name":"Yong Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8087-3423"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["View further author information"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.6358,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98331227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"1","first_page":"260","last_page":"295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duopoly","display_name":"Duopoly","score":0.6632626056671143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5700127482414246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.5378676056861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.5342774391174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability-index","display_name":"Profitability index","score":0.4989335536956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-product","display_name":"Core product","score":0.49475234746932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.49079570174217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.466643363237381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bundle","display_name":"Bundle","score":0.4381808042526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4323500990867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.42055660486221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.36974281072616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.22729259729385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21962633728981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1583649218082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cournot-competition","display_name":"Cournot competition","score":0.07925283908843994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180456769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750207","display_name":"Duopoly","level":3,"score":0.6632626056671143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5700127482414246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.5378676056861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5342774391174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.4989335536956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81163149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170207","display_name":"Core product","level":3,"score":0.49475234746932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.49079570174217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.466643363237381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778134712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047307","display_name":"Bundle","level":2,"score":0.4381808042526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4323500990867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.42055660486221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.36974281072616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22729259729385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21962633728981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1583649218082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16520705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q601799","display_name":"Cournot competition","level":2,"score":0.07925283908843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/07421222.2016.1172457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2016.1172457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9954729","display_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","issn_l":"0742-1222","issn":["0742-1222","1557-928X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4364243042","display_name":"\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u9644\u52a0\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5b9a\u4ef7\u7b56\u7565\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71471128","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7649779184","display_name":"\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71271148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W169326168","https://openalex.org/W1527895240","https://openalex.org/W1583839029","https://openalex.org/W1598833883","https://openalex.org/W1975680228","https://openalex.org/W1976761884","https://openalex.org/W2021638366","https://openalex.org/W2022076440","https://openalex.org/W2025674494","https://openalex.org/W2029653587","https://openalex.org/W2036454494","https://openalex.org/W2039583555","https://openalex.org/W2040145227","https://openalex.org/W2042912276","https://openalex.org/W2043871944","https://openalex.org/W2063060309","https://openalex.org/W2064062304","https://openalex.org/W2065504502","https://openalex.org/W2072197860","https://openalex.org/W2075402576","https://openalex.org/W2078579714","https://openalex.org/W2086071535","https://openalex.org/W2097188124","https://openalex.org/W2099060538","https://openalex.org/W2117114641","https://openalex.org/W2124373464","https://openalex.org/W2129371627","https://openalex.org/W2134909766","https://openalex.org/W2135308468","https://openalex.org/W2137680786","https://openalex.org/W2143718552","https://openalex.org/W2147531307","https://openalex.org/W2164489546","https://openalex.org/W2187048375","https://openalex.org/W2240752960","https://openalex.org/W2796202857","https://openalex.org/W3121613968","https://openalex.org/W3122326131","https://openalex.org/W3122905330","https://openalex.org/W3122946301","https://openalex.org/W3123120761","https://openalex.org/W3123294608","https://openalex.org/W3123695987","https://openalex.org/W3124251551","https://openalex.org/W3124505347","https://openalex.org/W4240491954","https://openalex.org/W4290016560","https://openalex.org/W4292492728","https://openalex.org/W4297081765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2535743999","https://openalex.org/W2365384532","https://openalex.org/W1571662230","https://openalex.org/W2600878583","https://openalex.org/W2028426298","https://openalex.org/W2505565591","https://openalex.org/W344896265","https://openalex.org/W1521671726","https://openalex.org/W2353256310","https://openalex.org/W2789009781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"software":[1],"firms,":[2],"especially":[3],"mobile":[4],"app":[5],"providers,":[6],"offer":[7,74,84,185],"perpetually":[8],"free":[9,28,56,76,122,160,187,213,227,260,275],"basic":[10],"products":[11,166],"to":[12,20,51,150,158,178,184,254],"users,":[13],"but":[14,100,154,238],"premiums":[15],"are":[16,167],"charged":[17],"for":[18,147,155,176,244],"access":[19],"the":[21,27,37,53,59,65,101,108,113,121,126,152,156,164,180,192,200,212,219,222,242,245,249,256,272,278,284],"additional":[22],"features":[23],"or":[24,42,83],"functionalities.":[25],"While":[26],"offering":[29,57,123,261,286],"helps":[30],"capture":[31],"potential":[32],"customers,":[33],"it":[34,144,173],"might":[35],"cannibalize":[36],"sales":[38],"of":[39,55,67,171,221,258,274,280],"premium":[40],"goods":[41],"services.":[43],"This":[44,251],"paper":[45],"adopts":[46],"a":[47,75,80,87,133,138,186,206,226,263],"game":[48],"theoretical":[49],"approach":[50],"examine":[52],"impact":[54,279],"on":[58,191,283],"competition":[60],"between":[61],"two":[62],"firms":[63,71,201],"in":[64,141,169,205,231,262],"presence":[66],"network":[68,232,281],"effects.":[69],"The":[70,89],"can":[72,96],"either":[73],"core":[77,90,109,135,165,193],"product":[78,91,136,142,188,228,276],"and":[79,95,116,235,277],"paid":[81],"service":[82,103],"them":[85,177],"as":[86],"bundle.":[88,250],"has":[92,104,137],"stand-alone":[93],"value":[94,106],"be":[97,203],"used":[98],"separately":[99],"value-added":[102],"no":[105],"without":[107],"product.":[110],"We":[111,129,196],"derive":[112],"market":[114,236],"equilibria":[115],"present":[117],"conditions":[118],"under":[119],"which":[120],"strategy":[124],"outperforms":[125],"bundling":[127],"strategy.":[128,161,214],"show":[130,198],"that":[131,199,218,224,247],"when":[132,209],"firm's":[134],"sufficient":[139],"advantage":[140],"quality,":[143,172],"is":[145,174,240],"better":[146],"this":[148,239],"firm":[149,223,246],"sell":[151],"bundle":[153],"other":[157],"use":[159,179],"However,":[162],"if":[163],"similar":[168],"terms":[170],"optimal":[175],"same":[181],"strategies.":[182],"Whether":[183],"depends":[189],"largely":[190],"products'":[194],"quality.":[195],"also":[197,268],"may":[202],"caught":[204],"prisoner's":[207],"dilemma":[208],"both":[210],"adopt":[211],"Finally,":[215],"we":[216],"find":[217],"profitability":[220],"offers":[225],"always":[229],"increases":[230],"effects":[233,282],"intensity":[234],"size,":[237],"not":[241],"case":[243],"sells":[248],"study":[252],"contributes":[253],"understanding":[255],"behavior":[257],"feature-limited":[259],"duopoly":[264],"setting.":[265],"Our":[266],"findings":[267],"provide":[269],"insights":[270],"into":[271],"design":[273],"firms'":[285],"decisions.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
