{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1494023329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2015.1063281","title":"Industry-Level Analysis of Information Technology Return and Risk: What Explains the Variation?","display_name":"Industry-Level Analysis of Information Technology Return and Risk: What Explains the Variation?","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1494023329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2015.1063281","mag":"1494023329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/07421222.2015.1063281","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2015.1063281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9954729","display_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","issn_l":"0742-1222","issn":["0742-1222","1557-928X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102971848","display_name":"Fei Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2310-3972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, China","View further author information"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003046218","display_name":"Sanjeev Dewan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8768-8092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjeev Dewan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Merage School of Business, University of California, Irvine","View further author information"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Merage School of Business, University of California, Irvine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6194,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95917265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":"71","last_page":"103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11849","display_name":"Intellectual Capital and Performance Analysis","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11849","display_name":"Intellectual Capital and Performance Analysis","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.968999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9656999707221985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability-index","display_name":"Profitability index","score":0.7909114360809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk\u2013return-spectrum","display_name":"Risk\u2013return spectrum","score":0.6438632607460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.6403615474700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-return","display_name":"Rate of return","score":0.6166746020317078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.6111047863960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-on-investment","display_name":"Return on investment","score":0.5421813726425171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.5186985731124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-on-assets","display_name":"Return on assets","score":0.48896896839141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.48649901151657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.45455044507980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-performance","display_name":"Investment performance","score":0.4472518563270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4320875108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.37907978892326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.320418119430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-economics","display_name":"Financial economics","score":0.2961270213127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.17559051513671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.16439756751060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.16347268223762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portfolio","display_name":"Portfolio","score":0.07763159275054932}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.7909114360809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30755413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1245402","display_name":"Risk\u2013return spectrum","level":3,"score":0.6438632607460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6403615474700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86637286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7317264","display_name":"Rate of return","level":2,"score":0.6166746020317078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.6111047863960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169549615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939134","display_name":"Return on investment","level":3,"score":0.5421813726425171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5186985731124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185669311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163221","display_name":"Return on assets","level":3,"score":0.48896896839141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.48649901151657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.45455044507980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26584437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060874","display_name":"Investment performance","level":4,"score":0.4472518563270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4320875108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.37907978892326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.320418119430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.2961270213127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.17559051513671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.16439756751060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.16347268223762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.07763159275054932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/07421222.2015.1063281","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2015.1063281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9954729","display_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","issn_l":"0742-1222","issn":["0742-1222","1557-928X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W238943302","https://openalex.org/W620179295","https://openalex.org/W1480130034","https://openalex.org/W1481773499","https://openalex.org/W1483386069","https://openalex.org/W1497047442","https://openalex.org/W1500275622","https://openalex.org/W1519072204","https://openalex.org/W1524717168","https://openalex.org/W1531100425","https://openalex.org/W1566858326","https://openalex.org/W1590089355","https://openalex.org/W1605707764","https://openalex.org/W1663328209","https://openalex.org/W1981162738","https://openalex.org/W1985163539","https://openalex.org/W1986921897","https://openalex.org/W1994275325","https://openalex.org/W2005369651","https://openalex.org/W2018367091","https://openalex.org/W2019561343","https://openalex.org/W2020405557","https://openalex.org/W2031595024","https://openalex.org/W2034301206","https://openalex.org/W2044732380","https://openalex.org/W2048609989","https://openalex.org/W2054970860","https://openalex.org/W2067698025","https://openalex.org/W2074564439","https://openalex.org/W2074735287","https://openalex.org/W2080647889","https://openalex.org/W2087873155","https://openalex.org/W2091754873","https://openalex.org/W2095474915","https://openalex.org/W2096333053","https://openalex.org/W2101359952","https://openalex.org/W2102748455","https://openalex.org/W2105823940","https://openalex.org/W2111156986","https://openalex.org/W2111346656","https://openalex.org/W2112511327","https://openalex.org/W2122224612","https://openalex.org/W2123192905","https://openalex.org/W2124758339","https://openalex.org/W2125249220","https://openalex.org/W2133401531","https://openalex.org/W2138250396","https://openalex.org/W2141954228","https://openalex.org/W2143586926","https://openalex.org/W2144243318","https://openalex.org/W2148392977","https://openalex.org/W2148728397","https://openalex.org/W2149408458","https://openalex.org/W2156284882","https://openalex.org/W2158959885","https://openalex.org/W2166977521","https://openalex.org/W2169855821","https://openalex.org/W2330657021","https://openalex.org/W2758224150","https://openalex.org/W2797345588","https://openalex.org/W2953145841","https://openalex.org/W3121440093","https://openalex.org/W3121459315","https://openalex.org/W3121729290","https://openalex.org/W3123752509","https://openalex.org/W3124635164","https://openalex.org/W3125139637","https://openalex.org/W3125601827","https://openalex.org/W3141469637","https://openalex.org/W3146259548","https://openalex.org/W4290016560","https://openalex.org/W4298307284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141444199","https://openalex.org/W2183431800","https://openalex.org/W4372356367","https://openalex.org/W2961268209","https://openalex.org/W2467408350","https://openalex.org/W918552003","https://openalex.org/W171508943","https://openalex.org/W1529758427","https://openalex.org/W192280111","https://openalex.org/W2497445102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Motivated":[0],"by":[1],"the":[2,6,9,29,41,47,53,67,129,138,215],"wide":[3],"dispersion":[4],"in":[5,158,203],"returns":[7,141,157,179],"on":[8,28,52,109,198],"use":[10],"of":[11,22,32,49,58,77,84,94,103,117,123,149,172,186,214,220],"information":[12],"technology":[13],"(IT)":[14],"across":[15,206],"industries,":[16,207],"we":[17],"conduct":[18],"an":[19],"industry-level":[20,211],"examination":[21],"IT":[23,50,70,91,95,100,104,114,118,135,156,166,178,182,204,221],"return":[24,54,108,216],"and":[25,36,55,72,112,161,180,208,217],"risk,":[26],"focusing":[27],"moderating":[30],"role":[31],"industry":[33,59,64,73,85,106,150],"competition,":[34],"regulation,":[35],"technological":[37,173],"change.":[38],"We":[39],"address":[40],"following":[42],"research":[43],"questions:":[44],"What":[45],"is":[46,126],"impact":[48],"investment":[51,71],"risk":[56,115,218],"dimensions":[57],"financial":[60],"performance?":[61,74],"How":[62],"do":[63],"characteristics":[65],"moderate":[66],"relationship":[68],"between":[69],"Our":[75,194],"analysis":[76],"these":[78],"questions":[79],"finds":[80],"that":[81,131,140,189,200],"higher":[82,90,113,170,177,181],"levels":[83,148],"competition":[86,132],"are":[87,152,192],"associated":[88,153],"with":[89,128,154],"productivity":[92,160],"(contribution":[93,102,116],"to":[96,105,119,143],"value-added":[97],"output),":[98],"lower":[99,155,165],"profitability":[101],"average":[107],"assets":[110],"[ROA]),":[111],"ex":[120],"ante":[121],"variability":[122],"ROA).":[124],"This":[125],"consistent":[127],"notion":[130],"induces":[133,175],"riskier":[134],"investments,":[136],"despite":[137],"fact":[139],"tend":[142],"be":[144],"competed":[145],"away.":[146],"Higher":[147],"regulation":[151],"both":[159,176],"profitability,":[162],"but":[163],"also":[164],"risk.":[167,183],"Finally,":[168],"a":[169],"rate":[171],"change":[174],"A":[184],"variety":[185],"tests":[187],"indicate":[188],"our":[190],"results":[191,195],"robust.":[193],"shed":[196],"light":[197],"factors":[199],"drive":[201],"variation":[202],"performance":[205,212],"provide":[209],"useful":[210],"benchmarks":[213],"impacts":[219],"investments.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}