{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095669018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2002.11045726","title":"Managing Information Technology Investment Risk: A Real Options Perspective","display_name":"Managing Information Technology Investment Risk: A Real Options Perspective","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095669018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2002.11045726","mag":"2095669018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/07421222.2002.11045726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2002.11045726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9954729","display_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","issn_l":"0742-1222","issn":["0742-1222","1557-928X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036782206","display_name":"Michel Benaroch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-8814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138943879","display_name":"Whitman College","ror":"https://ror.org/05axv8155","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138943879"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michel Benaroch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Whitman School of Management"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Whitman School of Management","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138943879"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036782206"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138943879"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.3271,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":342,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98076409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"43","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.9492999911308289,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12659","display_name":"Innovation Diffusion and Forecasting","score":0.9071000218391418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.6709142923355103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.6423020958900452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deferral","display_name":"Deferral","score":0.5810006260871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-strategy","display_name":"Investment strategy","score":0.5204206109046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5157230496406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-risk","display_name":"Financial risk","score":0.505720853805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-management","display_name":"Risk management","score":0.5018520355224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-on-investment","display_name":"Return on investment","score":0.4864666163921356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4802575409412384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separately-managed-account","display_name":"Separately managed account","score":0.43950772285461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-decisions","display_name":"Investment decisions","score":0.41327667236328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.3627910614013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3434750437736511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-science","display_name":"Actuarial science","score":0.336664080619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-ended-investment-company","display_name":"Open-ended investment company","score":0.3171517252922058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2689875364303589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.20474392175674438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.1859320104122162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-economics","display_name":"Behavioral economics","score":0.07856786251068115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.6709142923355103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.6423020958900452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778281098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q885383","display_name":"Deferral","level":2,"score":0.5810006260871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103144560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670999","display_name":"Investment strategy","level":3,"score":0.5204206109046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5157230496406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76073288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337875","display_name":"Financial risk","level":2,"score":0.505720853805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.5018520355224609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169549615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939134","display_name":"Return on investment","level":3,"score":0.4864666163921356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4802575409412384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147147588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12859651","display_name":"Separately managed account","level":5,"score":0.43950772285461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778865806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060850","display_name":"Investment decisions","level":3,"score":0.41327667236328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3627910614013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3434750437736511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.336664080619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181308471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25245118","display_name":"Open-ended investment company","level":4,"score":0.3171517252922058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2689875364303589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.20474392175674438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1859320104122162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109574028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647525","display_name":"Behavioral economics","level":2,"score":0.07856786251068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183582576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184783","display_name":"Market liquidity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/07421222.2002.11045726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2002.11045726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9954729","display_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","issn_l":"0742-1222","issn":["0742-1222","1557-928X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:surface.syr.edu:mgt-1001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://surface.syr.edu/mgt/2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401700","display_name":"Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","host_organization_name":"Syracuse University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Management - All Scholarship","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12981344","https://openalex.org/W196205183","https://openalex.org/W260193627","https://openalex.org/W1511426222","https://openalex.org/W1545181001","https://openalex.org/W1573350859","https://openalex.org/W1587089898","https://openalex.org/W1590089355","https://openalex.org/W1590482807","https://openalex.org/W1592614539","https://openalex.org/W1600826652","https://openalex.org/W1601465228","https://openalex.org/W1744692228","https://openalex.org/W1924456475","https://openalex.org/W1976909194","https://openalex.org/W1981782231","https://openalex.org/W1995503011","https://openalex.org/W1998672825","https://openalex.org/W2039699990","https://openalex.org/W2055759661","https://openalex.org/W2060806374","https://openalex.org/W2066900729","https://openalex.org/W2099840395","https://openalex.org/W2107401338","https://openalex.org/W2112870230","https://openalex.org/W2135905197","https://openalex.org/W2141209339","https://openalex.org/W2156284882","https://openalex.org/W2163315205","https://openalex.org/W2354891821","https://openalex.org/W3123910944","https://openalex.org/W3139197935","https://openalex.org/W4235870913","https://openalex.org/W4244616532","https://openalex.org/W4296759986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232732850","https://openalex.org/W2948462590","https://openalex.org/W3114087160","https://openalex.org/W4312824257","https://openalex.org/W4280646780","https://openalex.org/W4389948490","https://openalex.org/W2364102921","https://openalex.org/W2434014625","https://openalex.org/W1500915582","https://openalex.org/W2890398936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Past":[0],"information":[1,12],"systems":[2],"research":[3,50],"on":[4,10],"real":[5,54,65],"options":[6,55,66,102,150],"has":[7],"focused":[8],"mainly":[9],"evaluating":[11],"technology":[13],"(IT)investments":[14],"that":[15,144],"embed":[16,153],"a":[17,19,34,44,83],"single,":[18],"priori":[20],"known":[21],"option":[22,37],"(such":[23],"as,":[24],"deferral":[25],"option,":[26],"prototype":[27],"option).":[28],"In":[29,61,132],"other":[30],"words,":[31],"only":[32],"once":[33],"specific":[35],"isolated":[36],"is":[38,174],"identified":[39],"as":[40,158],"being":[41],"embedded":[42,81],"in":[43,70,82,87,154],"target":[45,84],"IT":[46,72,85,111,141,178],"investment,":[47,73],"does":[48],"this":[49,133],"call":[51],"upon":[52],"using":[53,125],"analysis":[56],"to":[57,89,103,121,146,151,159,176],"evaluate":[58],"the":[59,123,162,172,181],"option.":[60],"effect,":[62],"however,":[63],"because":[64],"are":[67],"not":[68],"inherent":[69],"any":[71],"they":[74],"usually":[75],"must":[76],"be":[77,118],"planned":[78],"and":[79,166],"intentionally":[80],"investment":[86,106,112,124,142,156,179],"order":[88],"control":[90,161],"various":[91],"investment-specific":[92],"risks,":[93,115],"just":[94],"like":[95],"financial":[96],"risk":[97,143,165],"management":[98],"uses":[99],"carefully":[100],"chosen":[101],"actively":[104],"manage":[105],"risks.":[107],"Moreover,":[108],"when":[109],"an":[110,137,155,177,184],"involves":[113],"multiple":[114],"there":[116],"could":[117],"numerous":[119],"ways":[120],"reconfigure":[122],"different":[126],"series":[127],"of":[128,183],"cascading":[129],"(compound)":[130],"options.":[131],"light,":[134],"we":[135],"present":[136],"approach":[138,173],"for":[139],"managing":[140],"helps":[145],"rationally":[147],"choose":[148],"which":[149],"deliberately":[152],"so":[157],"optimally":[160],"balance":[163],"between":[164],"reward.":[167],"We":[168],"also":[169],"illustrate":[170],"how":[171],"applied":[175],"entailing":[180],"establishment":[182],"Internet":[185],"sales":[186],"channel.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
