{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1542083448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.1997.11518170","title":"Environmental Scanning for Information Technology: An Empirical Investigation","display_name":"Environmental Scanning for Information Technology: An Empirical Investigation","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1542083448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.1997.11518170","mag":"1542083448"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/07421222.1997.11518170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.1997.11518170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9954729","display_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","issn_l":"0742-1222","issn":["0742-1222","1557-928X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060203820","display_name":"J. Lee Maier","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jerry L. Maier","raw_affiliation_strings":["View further author information"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110885212","display_name":"R. Kelly Rainer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Kelly Rainer","raw_affiliation_strings":["View further author information"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111435459","display_name":"Charles A. Snyder","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles A. Snyder","raw_affiliation_strings":["View further author information"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060203820"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2595,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9363388,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"177","last_page":"200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11572","display_name":"Information Technology Governance and Strategy","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovator","display_name":"Innovator","score":0.5163623094558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.5049405694007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5011560916900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.48117026686668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology","display_name":"Information technology","score":0.46013468503952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.4558682441711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4346403479576111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.4222065806388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1414690613746643}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776473838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174165","display_name":"Innovator","level":3,"score":0.5163623094558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.5049405694007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5011560916900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.48117026686668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.46013468503952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.4558682441711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4346403479576111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.4222065806388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1414690613746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/07421222.1997.11518170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.1997.11518170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9954729","display_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","issn_l":"0742-1222","issn":["0742-1222","1557-928X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52169070","https://openalex.org/W90435697","https://openalex.org/W96126854","https://openalex.org/W345161139","https://openalex.org/W571372223","https://openalex.org/W602599463","https://openalex.org/W1494791071","https://openalex.org/W1501990064","https://openalex.org/W1506418277","https://openalex.org/W1516496551","https://openalex.org/W1535838524","https://openalex.org/W1538534706","https://openalex.org/W1546874289","https://openalex.org/W1557992034","https://openalex.org/W1569405541","https://openalex.org/W1603813851","https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W1973899709","https://openalex.org/W1976333874","https://openalex.org/W1985594753","https://openalex.org/W1998083294","https://openalex.org/W2003103593","https://openalex.org/W2019363724","https://openalex.org/W2028126892","https://openalex.org/W2029430474","https://openalex.org/W2038498839","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2058692843","https://openalex.org/W2058763060","https://openalex.org/W2062961451","https://openalex.org/W2087866451","https://openalex.org/W2089259839","https://openalex.org/W2094625485","https://openalex.org/W2100408980","https://openalex.org/W2113795244","https://openalex.org/W2124395890","https://openalex.org/W2126833778","https://openalex.org/W2136348755","https://openalex.org/W4233765216","https://openalex.org/W4237577574","https://openalex.org/W4247278870","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4297081765","https://openalex.org/W4301375542"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020569377","https://openalex.org/W2547602925","https://openalex.org/W4283643993","https://openalex.org/W2507089072","https://openalex.org/W2327757483","https://openalex.org/W2103907930","https://openalex.org/W1854351075","https://openalex.org/W2184817066","https://openalex.org/W2086472688","https://openalex.org/W2958142594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{":An":[0],"increasing":[1],"number":[2,89],"of":[3,10,85,90,95,107,116,125,135,142,152],"organizations":[4,53,86],"are":[5],"recognizing":[6],"the":[7,41,46,82,93,97,105,109,114,118,123,133,140,150],"strategic":[8,47],"significance":[9],"their":[11],"information":[12,21,75,143],"technology":[13],"(IT)":[14],"resources.":[15],"A":[16],"process":[17,35,94],"by":[18],"which":[19],"emerging":[20],"technologies":[22],"may":[23,36,54],"be":[24,37,55],"effectively":[25],"identified":[26],"and":[27,148],"evaluated":[28],"is":[29],"rapidly":[30],"becoming":[31],"a":[32,88],"necessity.":[33],"This":[34,68],"accomplished":[38],"through":[39],"scanning":[40,96,108,117,137],"external":[42,98,110,119],"IT":[43,51,99,111,120,130,136,146,157],"environment.Based":[44],"on":[45],"emphasis":[48],"given":[49],"to":[50,78,129],"resources,":[52],"classified":[56],"as":[57],"exploiter/innovator":[58],"(EI),":[59],"competitor/early":[60],"adopter":[61],"(CEA),":[62],"or":[63],"participant/effective":[64],"efficient":[65],"follower":[66],"(PEEF).":[67],"study":[69],"uses":[70],"data":[71],"from":[72],"131":[73],"top":[74,153],"systems":[76],"managers":[77],"examine":[79],"differences":[80],"in":[81],"three":[83],"types":[84],"across":[87],"issues":[91,102],"concerning":[92],"environment.":[100],"These":[101],"include:":[103],"(1)":[104],"objectives":[106],"environment;":[112,121],"(2)":[113],"methods":[115],"(3)":[122],"existence":[124],"separate":[126],"units":[127],"dedicated":[128],"scanning;":[131,147],"(4)":[132],"level":[134,151],"intensity;":[138],"(5)":[139],"sources":[141],"used":[144],"for":[145],"(6)":[149],"management":[154],"involvement":[155],"with":[156],"scanning.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}