{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1977674594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.1990.9667154","title":"Theory-Based Design for Easily Learned Interfaces","display_name":"Theory-Based Design for Easily Learned Interfaces","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1977674594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.1990.9667154","mag":"1977674594"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/07370024.1990.9667154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.1990.9667154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481449237","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"0737-0024","issn":["0737-0024","1532-7051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111736214","display_name":"Peter G. Polson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Polson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111974510","display_name":"Clayton Lewis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clayton Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cognitive Science and Department of Computer Science,#N#                        University of Colorado, Boulder, CO,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cognitive Science and Department of Computer Science,#N#                        University of Colorado, Boulder, CO,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111736214"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.2689,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":208,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97997323,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"191","last_page":"220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.75592041015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interactive-kiosk","display_name":"Interactive kiosk","score":0.6197711229324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5611656904220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/designtheory","display_name":"Designtheory","score":0.4933070242404938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.49082550406455994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.4460658133029938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.42037326097488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.42014622688293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4179394841194153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10750991106033325}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.75592041015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116865082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370241","display_name":"Interactive kiosk","level":2,"score":0.6197711229324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5611656904220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542192845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200711","display_name":"Designtheory","level":2,"score":0.4933070242404938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.49082550406455994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.4460658133029938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.42037326097488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.42014622688293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4179394841194153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10750991106033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/07370024.1990.9667154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.1990.9667154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481449237","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"0737-0024","issn":["0737-0024","1532-7051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327051hci0502&3_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0502&3_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481449237","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"0737-0024","issn":["0737-0024","1532-7051"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75574558","https://openalex.org/W89463560","https://openalex.org/W1534254774","https://openalex.org/W1536081229","https://openalex.org/W1553977197","https://openalex.org/W1587652622","https://openalex.org/W1708874574","https://openalex.org/W1969640700","https://openalex.org/W1970668914","https://openalex.org/W1991175487","https://openalex.org/W1993277309","https://openalex.org/W1994925058","https://openalex.org/W2004603793","https://openalex.org/W2009716227","https://openalex.org/W2048225703","https://openalex.org/W2063145598","https://openalex.org/W2063730547","https://openalex.org/W2070458494","https://openalex.org/W2075343860","https://openalex.org/W2078673150","https://openalex.org/W2115647291","https://openalex.org/W2123143098","https://openalex.org/W2180809782","https://openalex.org/W2333196491","https://openalex.org/W3145967654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2342091124","https://openalex.org/W2155490532","https://openalex.org/W2118518941","https://openalex.org/W1991691398","https://openalex.org/W2152309982","https://openalex.org/W1526630818","https://openalex.org/W2162598207","https://openalex.org/W2109428365","https://openalex.org/W2063145598","https://openalex.org/W2158685692","https://openalex.org/W2067099887","https://openalex.org/W1651701101","https://openalex.org/W1977953443","https://openalex.org/W2913758505","https://openalex.org/W1528027857","https://openalex.org/W2027909523","https://openalex.org/W2752491485","https://openalex.org/W2333196491","https://openalex.org/W2083939386","https://openalex.org/W2004603793"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"important":[1],"computer":[2],"applications":[3],"require":[4],"that":[5,111],"users":[6],"be":[7,37,113],"able":[8],"to":[9,48],"use":[10],"them":[11],"effectively":[12],"with":[13,130],"little":[14],"or":[15],"no":[16],"formal":[17],"training.":[18],"Current":[19],"examples":[20],"include":[21],"bank":[22],"teller":[23],"machines":[24],"and":[25,76,97],"airport":[26],"information":[27],"kiosks.":[28],"Today":[29],"successful":[30,119],"systems":[31,110],"of":[32,56,61,84],"this":[33],"kind":[34],"can":[35,112],"only":[36],"developed":[38,132],"by":[39,63,115,133],"iteration":[40],"using":[41],"costly":[42],"empirical":[43],"testing.":[44],"This":[45],"article":[46],"aims":[47],"provide":[49],"a":[50,59],"theoretical":[51],"foundation":[52],"for":[53,103,109,118],"the":[54,73,82,90,124],"design":[117],"such":[57],"systems,":[58],"model":[60,75,92],"learning":[62,94],"exploration":[64],"called":[65],"CE+.":[66],"The":[67],"theory":[68,79],"incorporates":[69],"assumptions":[70],"from":[71,95,123],"(a)":[72],"GOMS":[74],"cognitive":[77],"complexity":[78],"(CCT)":[80],"on":[81,93,100],"representation":[83],"procedural":[85],"knowledge":[86],"as":[87],"productions,":[88],"(b)":[89],"EXPL":[91],"examples,":[96],"(c)":[98],"research":[99],"problem-solving":[101],"processes":[102],"simple":[104],"puzzlelike":[105],"problems.":[106],"Design":[107],"guidelines":[108],"learned":[114],"exploration,":[116],"guessing,":[120],"are":[121,128],"derived":[122],"theory.":[125],"These":[126],"principles":[127],"compared":[129],"those":[131],"Norman":[134],"(1988).":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-10T08:33:47.465468","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
