{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115658287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03640210701530748","title":"Spatial and Linguistic Aspects of Visual Imagery in Sentence Comprehension","display_name":"Spatial and Linguistic Aspects of Visual Imagery in Sentence Comprehension","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115658287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03640210701530748","mag":"2115658287","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21635316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/03640210701530748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03640210701530748","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1080/03640210701530748","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1080/03640210701530748","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043344696","display_name":"Benjamin K. Bergen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9395-9151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156087764","display_name":"University of California, Merced","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9ah105","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin K. Bergen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Linguistics, University of Hawaii at ManoaDepartment of Psychology, University of SussexDepartment of Cognitive Science, University of California at MercedInternational Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, California","Department of Linguistics, University of Hawaii at Manoa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics, University of Hawaii at ManoaDepartment of Psychology, University of SussexDepartment of Cognitive Science, University of California at MercedInternational Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I156087764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics, University of Hawaii at Manoa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031236546","display_name":"Shane Lindsay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-3468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shane Lindsay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Sussex"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Sussex","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020019379","display_name":"Teenie Matlock","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156087764","display_name":"University of California, Merced","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9ah105","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teenie Matlock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Science, University of California at Merced","Department of Cognitive Science University of California at Merced"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Science, University of California at Merced","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Science University of California at Merced","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065760252","display_name":"Srini Narayanan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srini Narayanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043344696"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I156087764"],"apc_list":{"value":3810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.9758,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":306,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99104073,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"5","first_page":"733","last_page":"764"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-image","display_name":"Mental image","score":0.6804084777832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.6320319771766663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.6127747893333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5653470158576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.5419321060180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.5397966504096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noun","display_name":"Noun","score":0.5297539830207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.5293881297111511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence-processing","display_name":"Sentence processing","score":0.4995572566986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.489534467458725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-representation","display_name":"Mental representation","score":0.48050105571746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.4602256417274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-perception","display_name":"Visual perception","score":0.4217150807380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.41891559958457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2119731903076172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4051589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860959","display_name":"Mental image","level":3,"score":0.6804084777832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6320319771766663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.6127747893333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5653470158576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5419321060180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5397966504096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.5297539830207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5293881297111511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451195","display_name":"Sentence processing","level":3,"score":0.4995572566986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.489534467458725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96199812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145290","display_name":"Mental representation","level":3,"score":0.48050105571746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4602256417274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.4217150807380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.41891559958457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2119731903076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/03640210701530748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03640210701530748","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1080/03640210701530748","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21635316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21635316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive science","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/03640210701530748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03640210701530748","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1080/03640210701530748","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2115658287.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2115658287.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30026100","https://openalex.org/W37482162","https://openalex.org/W69371142","https://openalex.org/W168676630","https://openalex.org/W266716723","https://openalex.org/W588440293","https://openalex.org/W1481505480","https://openalex.org/W1484557201","https://openalex.org/W1507509966","https://openalex.org/W1508466705","https://openalex.org/W1548032996","https://openalex.org/W1566706204","https://openalex.org/W1580243520","https://openalex.org/W1759480025","https://openalex.org/W1968133283","https://openalex.org/W1970655212","https://openalex.org/W1973950142","https://openalex.org/W1981031918","https://openalex.org/W2004762465","https://openalex.org/W2014229441","https://openalex.org/W2021882144","https://openalex.org/W2026552489","https://openalex.org/W2043093292","https://openalex.org/W2043991740","https://openalex.org/W2047789749","https://openalex.org/W2052229204","https://openalex.org/W2052417512","https://openalex.org/W2053617512","https://openalex.org/W2059731297","https://openalex.org/W2089412241","https://openalex.org/W2108241254","https://openalex.org/W2113096305","https://openalex.org/W2117352571","https://openalex.org/W2117865617","https://openalex.org/W2124056791","https://openalex.org/W2134968220","https://openalex.org/W2136951059","https://openalex.org/W2138932357","https://openalex.org/W2144920283","https://openalex.org/W2145143293","https://openalex.org/W2148096012","https://openalex.org/W2148702834","https://openalex.org/W2148848230","https://openalex.org/W2150375089","https://openalex.org/W2154129938","https://openalex.org/W2165318118","https://openalex.org/W2167293745","https://openalex.org/W2171622898","https://openalex.org/W2185746837","https://openalex.org/W2207223016","https://openalex.org/W2237112222","https://openalex.org/W2322726446","https://openalex.org/W2335311036","https://openalex.org/W2465415310","https://openalex.org/W2530944403","https://openalex.org/W2604924053","https://openalex.org/W2970720925","https://openalex.org/W3009125560","https://openalex.org/W3039195214","https://openalex.org/W3133456142","https://openalex.org/W4244655630","https://openalex.org/W4251942145","https://openalex.org/W4255625708","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4362236847"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2480104380","https://openalex.org/W2003770641","https://openalex.org/W2316487583","https://openalex.org/W2483478482","https://openalex.org/W2134718519","https://openalex.org/W4387775862","https://openalex.org/W2036227024","https://openalex.org/W616640735","https://openalex.org/W111801440","https://openalex.org/W2070145446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,81,186],"mounting":[2],"evidence":[3],"that":[4,111,156,184,200,208],"language":[5,134,177],"comprehension":[6,188],"involves":[7],"the":[8,14,62,82,108,141,145,187,190,209,216,219,223],"activation":[9],"of":[10,13,16,84,116,144,189,218],"mental":[11,78,102],"imagery":[12,51,202,211],"content":[15],"utterances":[17],"(Barsalou,":[18],"1999;":[19],"Bergen,":[20,25,31],"Chang,":[21],"&":[22,27,32,38,42,47],"Narayan,":[23,26,30],"2004;":[24,34],"Feldman,":[28],"2003;":[29,40],"Weinberg,":[33],"Richardson,":[35],"Spivey,":[36],"McRae,":[37],"Barsalou,":[39],"Stanfield":[41],"Zwaan,":[43,45],"2001;":[44],"Stanfield,":[46],"Yaxley,":[48],"2002).":[49],"This":[50],"can":[52,163],"have":[53],"motor":[54],"or":[55,73,80,132,160],"perceptual":[56],"content.":[57],"Three":[58],"main":[59,161],"questions":[60],"about":[61,174],"process":[63],"remain":[64],"under-explored,":[65],"however.":[66],"First,":[67],"are":[68,107,112],"lexical":[69,85,198],"associations":[70,199],"with":[71,137],"perception":[72],"motion":[74],"sufficient":[75],"to":[76,128,215],"yield":[77,180],"simulation,":[79],"integration":[83],"semantics":[86],"into":[87],"larger":[88],"structures,":[89],"like":[90],"sentences,":[91],"necessary?":[92],"Second,":[93],"what":[94],"linguistic":[95],"elements":[96],"(e.g.,":[97],"verbs,":[98],"nouns,":[99],"etc.)":[100],"trigger":[101,164],"simulations?":[103],"Third,":[104],"how":[105],"detailed":[106],"visual":[109,124,138,146,165,220],"simulations":[110],"performed?":[113],"A":[114],"series":[115],"behavioral":[117],"experiments":[118],"address":[119],"these":[120],"questions,":[121],"using":[122],"a":[123,193],"object":[125],"categorization":[126],"task":[127],"investigate":[129],"whether":[130],"up-":[131],"down-related":[133],"selectively":[135],"interferes":[136],"processing":[139],"in":[140,171],"same":[142],"part":[143,217],"field":[147,221],"(following":[148],"Richardson":[149],"et":[150],"al.,":[151],"2003).":[152],"The":[153],"results":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"either":[157],"subject":[158],"nouns":[159],"verbs":[162],"imagery,":[166],"but":[167],"only":[168],"when":[169],"used":[170],"literal":[172],"sentences":[173],"real":[175],"space-metaphorical":[176],"does":[178],"not":[179,196],"significant":[181],"effects-which":[182],"implies":[183],"it":[185],"sentence":[191],"as":[192,214],"whole":[194],"and":[195],"simply":[197],"yields":[201],"effects.":[203],"These":[204],"studies":[205],"also":[206],"show":[207],"evoked":[210],"contains":[212],"detail":[213],"where":[222],"described":[224],"scene":[225],"would":[226],"take":[227],"place.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T06:23:43.705686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}