{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029059557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03610911003650383","title":"How Big is a Big Odds Ratio? Interpreting the Magnitudes of Odds Ratios in Epidemiological Studies","display_name":"How Big is a Big Odds Ratio? Interpreting the Magnitudes of Odds Ratios in Epidemiological Studies","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029059557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03610911003650383","mag":"2029059557"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/03610911003650383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03610911003650383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153329750","display_name":"Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation","issn_l":"0361-0918","issn":["0361-0918","1532-4141"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023878780","display_name":"Henian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1297-4622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33086117","display_name":"New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05azenf09","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33086117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4339842","display_name":"Royal College of Physicians","ror":"https://ror.org/0530xmm89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4339842"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163064","display_name":"Columbia College","ror":"https://ror.org/05fy98n62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891851","display_name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04aqjf708","country_code":null,"type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289739345","display_name":"Winthrop-University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03eksqx74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289739345"]}],"countries":["CA","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Henian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biostatistics , New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, NY, USA ; Division of Epidemiology , New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, NY, USA ; Department of Psychiatry , College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University , ; Biostatistics, Office of Health Outcomes Research , Winthrop University Hospital, Stony Brook University School of Medicine , Mineola, NY, USA","Biostatistics, Office of Health Outcomes Research , Winthrop University Hospital, Stony Brook University School of Medicine , Mineola, NY, USA","Department of Psychiatry , College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University ,","Division of Biostatistics , New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, NY, USA","Division of Epidemiology , New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biostatistics , New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, NY, USA ; Division of Epidemiology , New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, NY, USA ; Department of Psychiatry , College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University , ; Biostatistics, Office of Health Outcomes Research , Winthrop University Hospital, Stony Brook University School of Medicine , Mineola, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33086117"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biostatistics, Office of Health Outcomes Research , Winthrop University Hospital, Stony Brook University School of Medicine , Mineola, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289739345","https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry , College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064","https://openalex.org/I4339842","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biostatistics , New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Epidemiology , New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33086117","https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111592092","display_name":"Patricia Cohen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891851","display_name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04aqjf708","country_code":null,"type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163064","display_name":"Columbia College","ror":"https://ror.org/05fy98n62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33086117","display_name":"New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05azenf09","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33086117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4339842","display_name":"Royal College of Physicians","ror":"https://ror.org/0530xmm89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4339842"]}],"countries":["CA","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Epidemiology , New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, NY, USA ; Department of Psychiatry , College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University , ; Department of Epidemiology , School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, NY, USA","Department of Psychiatry , College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University ,","Division of Epidemiology , New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, NY, USA","Department of Epidemiology , School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Epidemiology , New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, NY, USA ; Department of Psychiatry , College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University , ; Department of Epidemiology , School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry , College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163064","https://openalex.org/I4339842","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Epidemiology , New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33086117","https://openalex.org/I4388891851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology , School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114803156","display_name":"Sophie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4133-4910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288894424","display_name":"Health Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8nb362","country_code":"CA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288894424"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strategic Policy Branch , Health Canada , Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strategic Policy Branch , Health Canada , Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288894424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023878780"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289739345","https://openalex.org/I33086117","https://openalex.org/I4210163064","https://openalex.org/I4339842","https://openalex.org/I4388891851","https://openalex.org/I59553526","https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8484,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1898,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96670278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"4","first_page":"860","last_page":"864"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odds-ratio","display_name":"Odds ratio","score":0.835903525352478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odds","display_name":"Odds","score":0.7423242926597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemiology","display_name":"Epidemiology","score":0.7182378768920898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.4410059154033661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.43232810497283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.36755865812301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.36424893140792847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3576698303222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3086243271827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.16750556230545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.16418233513832092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.11933332681655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.09979748725891113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.835903525352478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.7423242926597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.7182378768920898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4410059154033661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.43232810497283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.36755865812301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.36424893140792847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3576698303222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3086243271827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16750556230545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.16418233513832092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11933332681655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.09979748725891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/03610911003650383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03610911003650383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153329750","display_name":"Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation","issn_l":"0361-0918","issn":["0361-0918","1532-4141"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150416639","https://openalex.org/W1963903799","https://openalex.org/W1973948212","https://openalex.org/W1974618278","https://openalex.org/W1992976108","https://openalex.org/W1995582651","https://openalex.org/W2006825115","https://openalex.org/W2007493872","https://openalex.org/W2012514410","https://openalex.org/W2070888165","https://openalex.org/W2071790093","https://openalex.org/W2085414000","https://openalex.org/W2107031757","https://openalex.org/W2144274361","https://openalex.org/W2156664629","https://openalex.org/W2169565426","https://openalex.org/W2336718169","https://openalex.org/W3122710633","https://openalex.org/W4299689471","https://openalex.org/W4300870773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315650970","https://openalex.org/W2118847041","https://openalex.org/W2024025088","https://openalex.org/W2016483411","https://openalex.org/W2403534611","https://openalex.org/W2167134322","https://openalex.org/W2037765295","https://openalex.org/W2419315711","https://openalex.org/W2136790891","https://openalex.org/W199518055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,17],"odds":[1],"ratio":[2],"(OR)":[3],"is":[4,83],"probably":[5],"the":[6,21,41,44,86],"most":[7],"widely":[8],"used":[9],"index":[10],"of":[11,19,43],"effect":[12],"size":[13,42],"in":[14,51,85],"epidemiological":[15],"studies.":[16],"difficulty":[18],"interpreting":[20,40],"OR":[22,45,60,94,102],"has":[23],"troubled":[24],"many":[25],"clinical":[26],"researchers":[27],"and":[28,64,76,96],"epidemiologists":[29],"for":[30,39],"a":[31,36,52],"long":[32],"time.":[33],"We":[34],"propose":[35],"new":[37],"method":[38],"by":[46],"relating":[47],"it":[48],"to":[49,68],"differences":[50],"normal":[53],"standard":[54],"deviate.":[55],"Our":[56],"calculations":[57],"indicate":[58],"that":[59],"=":[61,71],"1.68,":[62],"3.47,":[63],"6.71":[65],"are":[66],"equivalent":[67],"Cohen's":[69,89,97],"d":[70,90,98],"0.2":[72,92],"(small),":[73],"0.5":[74],"(medium),":[75],"0.8":[77,100],"(large),":[78],"respectively,":[79],"when":[80,93,101],"disease":[81],"rate":[82],"1%":[84],"nonexposed":[87],"group;":[88],"<":[91],"<1.5,":[95],">":[99,103],"5.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":201},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":281},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":242},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":261},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":246},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":206},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":126},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":94},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}