{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401102495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03081079.2024.2384404","title":"Stacking GA <sup>2</sup> M for inherently interpretable fraudulent reviewer identification by fusing target and non-target features","display_name":"Stacking GA <sup>2</sup> M for inherently interpretable fraudulent reviewer identification by fusing target and non-target features","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401102495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03081079.2024.2384404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/03081079.2024.2384404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03081079.2024.2384404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145553572","display_name":"International Journal of General Systems","issn_l":"0308-1079","issn":["0308-1079","1026-7492","1563-5104"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of General Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444393","display_name":"Wen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1808-8741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Technology","College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342962","display_name":"Xuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8760-4381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Technology","College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027751401","display_name":"Jindong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-9608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jindong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Information Science & Technology University","College School of Economics and Management, Beijing Information Science &amp; Technology University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College School of Economics and Management, Beijing Information Science &amp; Technology University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100402609","display_name":"Jian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3439-7539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Technology","College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068624826","display_name":"Zhenzhong Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3012-2810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenzhong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Windsor","Odette School of Business, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Windsor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Odette School of Business, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100444393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5113,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9663956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"3","first_page":"298","last_page":"333"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9892133474349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7365738749504089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6936168670654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.65999436378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5649823546409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5321675539016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47764742374420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.424967497587204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.41062378883361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4047776460647583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9892133474349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7365738749504089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6936168670654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.65999436378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5649823546409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5321675539016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47764742374420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.424967497587204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41062378883361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4047776460647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/03081079.2024.2384404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03081079.2024.2384404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145553572","display_name":"International Journal of General Systems","issn_l":"0308-1079","issn":["0308-1079","1026-7492","1563-5104"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of General Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G152187440","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71932002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5388351832","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72174018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43249347","https://openalex.org/W893486657","https://openalex.org/W1967495422","https://openalex.org/W1996796871","https://openalex.org/W2016266039","https://openalex.org/W2046945713","https://openalex.org/W2047756776","https://openalex.org/W2064058256","https://openalex.org/W2071068479","https://openalex.org/W2084602775","https://openalex.org/W2101589741","https://openalex.org/W2113199901","https://openalex.org/W2115613989","https://openalex.org/W2125847307","https://openalex.org/W2126006587","https://openalex.org/W2136978983","https://openalex.org/W2147103702","https://openalex.org/W2150165932","https://openalex.org/W2150281577","https://openalex.org/W2159359879","https://openalex.org/W2168069066","https://openalex.org/W2172189177","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2367397349","https://openalex.org/W2527964562","https://openalex.org/W2554367394","https://openalex.org/W2618851150","https://openalex.org/W2738273842","https://openalex.org/W2768348081","https://openalex.org/W2789303112","https://openalex.org/W2795296342","https://openalex.org/W2894765906","https://openalex.org/W2910705748","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2913668833","https://openalex.org/W2917790100","https://openalex.org/W2944083954","https://openalex.org/W2952159951","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2963613787","https://openalex.org/W2986267771","https://openalex.org/W2994093816","https://openalex.org/W2996568036","https://openalex.org/W2998186396","https://openalex.org/W3006753144","https://openalex.org/W3008564823","https://openalex.org/W3014572588","https://openalex.org/W3031745934","https://openalex.org/W3033106649","https://openalex.org/W3096580368","https://openalex.org/W3113150976","https://openalex.org/W3116286104","https://openalex.org/W3122952517","https://openalex.org/W3124804010","https://openalex.org/W3124946654","https://openalex.org/W3126276273","https://openalex.org/W3143021555","https://openalex.org/W3159675196","https://openalex.org/W3166730876","https://openalex.org/W3171066746","https://openalex.org/W3176943905","https://openalex.org/W3191022809","https://openalex.org/W3198947807","https://openalex.org/W3201437744","https://openalex.org/W4200397448","https://openalex.org/W4205345183","https://openalex.org/W4206583545","https://openalex.org/W4214636493","https://openalex.org/W4225936923","https://openalex.org/W4229044347","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4243845171","https://openalex.org/W4245773234","https://openalex.org/W4283078748","https://openalex.org/W4309549109","https://openalex.org/W4324101939","https://openalex.org/W4362500811","https://openalex.org/W4366000054","https://openalex.org/W4366823280","https://openalex.org/W4371785011","https://openalex.org/W4379157868","https://openalex.org/W4383102467","https://openalex.org/W4383213379","https://openalex.org/W4383215757","https://openalex.org/W4385597067","https://openalex.org/W4385703184","https://openalex.org/W4385970551","https://openalex.org/W4386014803","https://openalex.org/W4387303027","https://openalex.org/W4388129795","https://openalex.org/W6734194636","https://openalex.org/W6784256100"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W4388685194","https://openalex.org/W4312407344","https://openalex.org/W2894289927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3],"novel":[4],"approach":[5,149],"called":[6],"Stack-GA2M":[7,148],"to":[8,41,76,84,96,152],"identify":[9,85],"fraudulent":[10,87,111,157],"reviewers":[11,158],"in":[12,109,155],"an":[13],"inherently":[14],"interpretable":[15],"manner":[16],"by":[17,47,124],"fusing":[18],"both":[19],"target":[20,50,103],"and":[21,52,60,105,134,159],"non-target":[22,54,107],"features.":[23,63],"Specifically,":[24],"for":[25,131,136],"local":[26,116],"interpretability,":[27,66],"we":[28,67],"adopt":[29,68],"GA2M":[30],"(Standard":[31],"Generalized":[32],"Additive":[33],"Model":[34],"plus":[35],"interactions)":[36],"as":[37,56,72],"the":[38,49,53,73,78,86,98,102,106,115,146],"basic":[39],"classifier":[40,75],"produce":[42],"three":[43,81],"subordinate":[44,82,120],"models":[45,83],"trained":[46],"using":[48,125],"features":[51,55,59,104,108],"review":[57],"textual":[58],"reviewer":[61],"behavioral":[62],"For":[64],"global":[65,99],"LR":[69,93],"(Logistic":[70],"Regression)":[71],"meta":[74],"stack":[77],"outputs":[79],"of":[80,92,101,118],"reviewers.":[88,112],"The":[89],"white-box":[90],"model":[91,121],"enables":[94],"us":[95],"understand":[97],"interpretability":[100,117],"identifying":[110,156],"With":[113],"GA2M,":[114],"each":[119],"is":[122,150],"derived":[123],"feature":[126],"importance,":[127],"spline":[128],"shape":[129],"functions":[130],"individual":[132],"features,":[133],"heatmaps":[135],"interaction":[137],"terms.":[138],"Extensive":[139],"experiments":[140],"on":[141],"Yelp":[142],"dataset":[143],"demonstrate":[144],"that":[145],"proposed":[147],"superior":[151],"state-of-the-art":[153],"techniques":[154],"exhibits":[160],"favorable":[161],"inherent":[162],"interpretability.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-08T08:50:53.379069","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}