{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2072619060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699050110113688","title":"Effectiveness of user testing and heuristic evaluation as a function of performance classification","display_name":"Effectiveness of user testing and heuristic evaluation as a function of performance classification","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2072619060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699050110113688","mag":"2072619060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/02699050110113688","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699050110113688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123849098","display_name":"Behaviour and Information Technology","issn_l":"0144-929X","issn":["0144-929X","1362-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behaviour & Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008930040","display_name":"Limin Paul Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Limin Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109938578","display_name":"Gavriel Salvendy","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gavriel Salvendy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033318069","display_name":"Lori Turley","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lori Turley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008930040"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9464,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85737052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"137","last_page":"143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12601","display_name":"Web Applications and Data Management","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.9171381592750549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic-evaluation","display_name":"Heuristic evaluation","score":0.8493072986602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6793417930603027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability-inspection","display_name":"Usability inspection","score":0.6437241435050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.6158331036567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-walkthrough","display_name":"Cognitive walkthrough","score":0.5668080449104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component-based-usability-testing","display_name":"Component-based usability testing","score":0.5426859855651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability-goals","display_name":"Usability goals","score":0.5423101186752319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability-lab","display_name":"Usability lab","score":0.536731481552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.5360875725746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5188257098197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-usability","display_name":"Web usability","score":0.5093282461166382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4430635869503021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability-engineering","display_name":"Usability engineering","score":0.438609778881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32835400104522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28209245204925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06632852554321289}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.9171381592750549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3255780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616517","display_name":"Heuristic evaluation","level":3,"score":0.8493072986602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6793417930603027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23456302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7901668","display_name":"Usability inspection","level":4,"score":0.6437241435050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.6158331036567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87105883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107002","display_name":"Cognitive walkthrough","level":4,"score":0.5668080449104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71151206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156686","display_name":"Component-based usability testing","level":5,"score":0.5426859855651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62993174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928808","display_name":"Usability goals","level":4,"score":0.5423101186752319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11324603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2502322","display_name":"Usability lab","level":4,"score":0.536731481552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.5360875725746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5188257098197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4237393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1636686","display_name":"Web usability","level":3,"score":0.5093282461166382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4430635869503021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100302975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642623","display_name":"Usability engineering","level":3,"score":0.438609778881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32835400104522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28209245204925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06632852554321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/02699050110113688","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699050110113688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123849098","display_name":"Behaviour and Information Technology","issn_l":"0144-929X","issn":["0144-929X","1362-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behaviour & Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104553443","https://openalex.org/W1646821235","https://openalex.org/W1773440208","https://openalex.org/W1913312173","https://openalex.org/W1927925500","https://openalex.org/W1966629784","https://openalex.org/W1972940641","https://openalex.org/W2000714499","https://openalex.org/W2003328301","https://openalex.org/W2030070876","https://openalex.org/W2054364513","https://openalex.org/W2066299309","https://openalex.org/W2078755656","https://openalex.org/W2083939386","https://openalex.org/W2109428365","https://openalex.org/W2162598207","https://openalex.org/W2164808902","https://openalex.org/W2342091124","https://openalex.org/W3023580939","https://openalex.org/W4232244711","https://openalex.org/W4246257983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120843845","https://openalex.org/W65754041","https://openalex.org/W1876074454","https://openalex.org/W2463517204","https://openalex.org/W4379745096","https://openalex.org/W612335560","https://openalex.org/W2184819008","https://openalex.org/W1554274224","https://openalex.org/W2132669023","https://openalex.org/W261015899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"different":[1,6,16],"levels":[2,49,101],"of":[3,8,18,50,102,121,126],"user":[4,56,70,90],"performance,":[5],"types":[7,17],"information":[9,28],"are":[10,40],"processed":[11],"and":[12,26,47,72,99],"users":[13],"will":[14],"make":[15],"errors.":[19],"Based":[20],"on":[21],"the":[22,27,79,118,133],"error's":[23],"immediate":[24],"cause":[25],"being":[29],"processed,":[30],"usability":[31,41,67,94,114],"problems":[32,42,95,115],"can":[33],"be":[34],"classified":[35],"into":[36],"three":[37],"categories.":[38],"They":[39],"associated":[43,96,116],"with":[44,65,82,97,117],"skill-based,":[45],"rule-based":[46,100],"knowledge-based":[48,119],"performance.":[51,103,122],"In":[52],"this":[53,127],"paper,":[54],"a":[55,59],"interface":[57],"for":[58],"Web-based":[60],"software":[61],"program":[62],"was":[63],"evaluated":[64],"two":[66],"evaluation":[68,81,111],"methods,":[69],"testing":[71,91,105],"heuristic":[73,80,110],"evaluation.":[74],"The":[75,123],"experiment":[76],"discovered":[77],"that":[78],"human":[83],"factor":[84],"experts":[85],"is":[86,106,129],"more":[87,107],"effective":[88,108],"than":[89,109],"in":[92,112,132],"identifying":[93],"skill-based":[98],"User":[104],"finding":[113],"level":[120],"practical":[124],"application":[125],"research":[128],"also":[130],"discussed":[131],"paper.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}