{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981856911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799608902085","title":"GIS users observed","display_name":"GIS users observed","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981856911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799608902085","mag":"1981856911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/02693799608902085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799608902085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of geographical information systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087441234","display_name":"Clare Davies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3250-2251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Davies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Midlands Regional Research Laboratory , Loughborough University of Technology , U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Midlands Regional Research Laboratory , Loughborough University of Technology , U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063056328","display_name":"David Medyckyj-Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5234-9923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Medyckyj-Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Midlands Regional Research Laboratory , Loughborough University of Technology , U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Midlands Regional Research Laboratory , Loughborough University of Technology , U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087441234"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8477,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95391705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"363","last_page":"384"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9625999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14074","display_name":"Persona Design and Applications","score":0.9545000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.8962780237197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.7427583932876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5045510530471802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compatibility","display_name":"Compatibility (geochemistry)","score":0.44588202238082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4018803536891937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.3870672583580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.31737810373306274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20461741089820862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.8962780237197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.7427583932876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5045510530471802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778648169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967768","display_name":"Compatibility (geochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.44588202238082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4018803536891937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3870672583580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31737810373306274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20461741089820862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/02693799608902085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799608902085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of geographical information systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335277","display_name":"National Physical Laboratory","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58114467","https://openalex.org/W80660548","https://openalex.org/W109299373","https://openalex.org/W110062975","https://openalex.org/W120611716","https://openalex.org/W135720766","https://openalex.org/W1487396080","https://openalex.org/W1495503152","https://openalex.org/W1842419756","https://openalex.org/W1969448654","https://openalex.org/W1989097671","https://openalex.org/W1994081761","https://openalex.org/W1996394470","https://openalex.org/W2014119826","https://openalex.org/W2144606505","https://openalex.org/W2333057202","https://openalex.org/W2497732029","https://openalex.org/W2911224829","https://openalex.org/W4233750109","https://openalex.org/W4238266277","https://openalex.org/W4254564440","https://openalex.org/W4315835111","https://openalex.org/W4361835045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4281714194","https://openalex.org/W2627071553","https://openalex.org/W2032959135","https://openalex.org/W1870207351","https://openalex.org/W2032439740","https://openalex.org/W2069790458","https://openalex.org/W4297659148","https://openalex.org/W2100369842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"As":[1],"a":[2,5,15,87],"follow-up":[3],"to":[4,21,29],"previously":[6],"reported":[7],"postal":[8],"questionnaire":[9],"survey":[10],"of":[11,44,81,93,102],"GIS":[12],"usability":[13],"issues,":[14],"workplace":[16],"observation":[17],"study":[18],"was":[19],"conducted":[20],"clarify":[22],"the":[23,34,54,77,91,103],"earlier":[24],"results.":[25],"Visits":[26],"were":[27,56,70],"made":[28],"21":[30],"user":[31,68],"sites":[32],"in":[33,76],"U.K.":[35],"and":[36,41,64,67,83,98,100,105],"involved":[37],"structured":[38],"interviews,":[39],"checklists":[40],"video":[42],"recordings":[43],"users":[45,74],"at":[46],"work":[47],"with":[48],"their":[49],"GIS.":[50],"Timings":[51],"extracted":[52],"from":[53],"videotapes":[55],"analysed":[57],"alongside":[58],"more":[59],"subjective":[60,84],"measures.":[61],"Error":[62],"messages":[63],"other":[65],"feedback,":[66],"documentation,":[69],"poorly":[71],"rated":[72],"by":[73],"as":[75],"previous":[78],"study.":[79],"Comparison":[80],"objective":[82],"measures":[85],"showed":[86],"strong":[88],"relationship":[89],"between":[90],"amount":[92],"time":[94],"wasted":[95],"on":[96],"errors":[97],"problems,":[99],"compatibility":[101],"user's":[104],"system's":[106],"conceptual":[107],"models.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}