{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996394470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799408902002","title":"How effective are GIS in practice? A case study of British local government","display_name":"How effective are GIS in practice? A case study of British local government","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996394470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799408902002","mag":"1996394470"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/02693799408902002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799408902002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of geographical information systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005293894","display_name":"Heather Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2930-0915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heather Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Town and Regional Planning, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, England, U.K","Department of Town and Regional Planning , University of Sheffield , Sheffield, S10 2TN, England, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Town and Regional Planning, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, England, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Town and Regional Planning , University of Sheffield , Sheffield, S10 2TN, England, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005293894"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7963,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97196262,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"309","last_page":"325"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9635000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11024","display_name":"Information Systems Theories and Implementation","score":0.9398000240325928,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-government","display_name":"Local government","score":0.7185781598091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6810259222984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.6470332145690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5667024254798889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.49894213676452637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.47326019406318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.4539882242679596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.3932860493659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36738884449005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-planning","display_name":"Environmental planning","score":0.3603828549385071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3207188844680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2537553310394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.19527065753936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-administration","display_name":"Public administration","score":0.17239326238632202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778719706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501447","display_name":"Local government","level":2,"score":0.7185781598091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6810259222984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6470332145690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5667024254798889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.49894213676452637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.47326019406318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4539882242679596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3932860493659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36738884449005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3603828549385071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3207188844680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2537553310394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19527065753936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.17239326238632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/02693799408902002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799408902002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of geographical information systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114456069","https://openalex.org/W219828040","https://openalex.org/W618938144","https://openalex.org/W1500025880","https://openalex.org/W1515907256","https://openalex.org/W1531594538","https://openalex.org/W1535833299","https://openalex.org/W1542509706","https://openalex.org/W1543977466","https://openalex.org/W1544989059","https://openalex.org/W1549212964","https://openalex.org/W1552051883","https://openalex.org/W1589617306","https://openalex.org/W1972306955","https://openalex.org/W1974778585","https://openalex.org/W1984214938","https://openalex.org/W1985322517","https://openalex.org/W1985345042","https://openalex.org/W1996679346","https://openalex.org/W1997396162","https://openalex.org/W2005040397","https://openalex.org/W2013013629","https://openalex.org/W2015466829","https://openalex.org/W2032661716","https://openalex.org/W2060136695","https://openalex.org/W2075532060","https://openalex.org/W2079914075","https://openalex.org/W2082763780","https://openalex.org/W2087775141","https://openalex.org/W2095654817","https://openalex.org/W2137240809","https://openalex.org/W2137963603","https://openalex.org/W2152273095","https://openalex.org/W2166537037","https://openalex.org/W2225219567","https://openalex.org/W2263570753","https://openalex.org/W2270405047","https://openalex.org/W2323580496","https://openalex.org/W2410428144","https://openalex.org/W2476367325","https://openalex.org/W2487477731","https://openalex.org/W2501863163","https://openalex.org/W2552999984","https://openalex.org/W2791493312","https://openalex.org/W2939757746","https://openalex.org/W3015520318","https://openalex.org/W4243387331","https://openalex.org/W4248817666","https://openalex.org/W4253045874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032233321","https://openalex.org/W3121970507","https://openalex.org/W2110028391","https://openalex.org/W54497855","https://openalex.org/W217960748","https://openalex.org/W3125814499","https://openalex.org/W2090827041","https://openalex.org/W2094012830","https://openalex.org/W187246281","https://openalex.org/W2079194830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GIS":[0,34,100,137,260],"have":[1],"received":[2],"increasing":[3],"attention":[4],"in":[5,9,15,41,50,67,138,212],"recent":[6],"years,":[7],"particularly":[8],"local":[10,72,105,140],"government.":[11,141],"Despite":[12],"the":[13,16,19,22,32,39,58,82,85,97,104,118,124,133,157,183,197,206,210,213,218,221,226,240,255,273],"claims":[14],"literature":[17],"about":[18],"potential":[20,200],"of":[21,57,60,70,81,84,136,159,185,199,208,217,220,228,235,275],"technology,":[23],"to":[24,122,128,155,175,181,196,225,239,248,262,272],"date":[25],"there":[26],"is":[27,88,144,194],"still":[28],"little":[29],"information":[30,192],"on":[31,38,103],"impact":[33,99,274],"applications":[35,190],"are":[36,44,150,169,188,261],"having":[37],"organizations":[40,168],"which":[42,64,126,179,193],"they":[43],"being":[45],"implemented.":[46],"With":[47],"these":[48,116],"considerations":[49],"mind":[51],"this":[52],"paper":[53],"presents":[54],"an":[55,215,246],"evaluation":[56,80,256],"findings":[59,83,117],"twelve":[61],"case":[62,86],"studies":[63,87],"were":[65],"undertaken":[66],"a":[68,232,253],"variety":[69],"British":[71,139],"government":[73],"contexts":[74],"during":[75],"1991":[76],"and":[77,153,231],"1992.":[78],"The":[79,93],"divided":[89],"into":[90],"two":[91,112],"parts.":[92],"first":[94],"part":[95,120],"indicates":[96,257],"limited":[98],"has":[101],"had":[102],"authorities":[106],"investigated":[107],"even":[108],"after":[109],"at":[110],"least":[111],"years":[113],"experience.":[114],"Given":[115],"second":[119],"seeks":[121],"identify":[123,176],"issues":[125],"appear":[127],"be":[129,263,270],"responsible":[130],"for":[131],"inhibiting":[132],"effective":[134],"implementation":[135,204],"Overall":[142],"it":[143,172],"suggested":[145],"that":[146,258],"some":[147],"organizational":[148,242,276],"cultures":[149],"inherently":[151,170],"receptive":[152],"able":[154],"sustain":[156],"development":[158],"innovations":[160],"such":[161],"as":[162],"GIS.":[163],"However,":[164],"whilst":[165],"very":[166],"few":[167],"innovative":[171],"was":[173],"possible":[174],"four":[177],"factors":[178],"appeared":[180],"enhance":[182],"chances":[184],"success.":[186],"These":[187],"simple":[189],"producing":[191],"fundamental":[195],"work":[198],"users,":[201],"user":[202],"directed":[203],"involving":[205],"participation":[207],"all":[209],"stakeholders":[211],"project,":[214],"awareness":[216],"limitations":[219],"organization":[222],"with":[223,237,250],"respect":[224,238],"range":[227],"available":[229],"resources,":[230],"high":[233],"degree":[234],"stability":[236],"general":[241],"environment,":[243],"or":[244],"alternatively":[245],"ability":[247],"cope":[249],"change.":[251],"As":[252],"result":[254],"if":[259],"effectively":[264],"implemented":[265],"much":[266],"greater":[267],"consideration":[268],"must":[269],"given":[271],"issues.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
