{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1606211267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799408902001","title":"Research Article. Modelling inside GIS: Part 1. Model structures, exploratory spatial data analysis and aggregation","display_name":"Research Article. Modelling inside GIS: Part 1. Model structures, exploratory spatial data analysis and aggregation","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1606211267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799408902001","mag":"1606211267"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/02693799408902001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799408902001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of geographical information systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003307854","display_name":"Michael Batty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9931-1305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Batty","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 301, Wilkeson Quad, Buffalo, NY, 14261-0023, U.S.A","National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, State University of New York at Buffalo , 301, Wilkeson Quad, Buffalo, NY, 14261-0023, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 301, Wilkeson Quad, Buffalo, NY, 14261-0023, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, State University of New York at Buffalo , 301, Wilkeson Quad, Buffalo, NY, 14261-0023, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062423344","display_name":"Yichun Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2045-6406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichun Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 301, Wilkeson Quad, Buffalo, NY, 14261-0023, U.S.A","National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, State University of New York at Buffalo , 301, Wilkeson Quad, Buffalo, NY, 14261-0023, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 301, Wilkeson Quad, Buffalo, NY, 14261-0023, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, State University of New York at Buffalo , 301, Wilkeson Quad, Buffalo, NY, 14261-0023, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.855,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":108,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96197285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"291","last_page":"307"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10632","display_name":"Housing Market and Economics","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7337090373039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-map","display_name":"Thematic map","score":0.7000988721847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5735888481140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.5682843327522278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5587319135665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5576834678649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-model","display_name":"Data model (GIS)","score":0.48494580388069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4799478352069855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gis-applications","display_name":"GIS applications","score":0.4742752015590668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/am/fm/gis","display_name":"AM/FM/GIS","score":0.47316059470176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.45297306776046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4133754074573517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3516051769256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.22916874289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.18393737077713013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.12348219752311707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12002772092819214}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7337090373039246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93692415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502030","display_name":"Thematic map","level":2,"score":0.7000988721847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5735888481140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.5682843327522278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5587319135665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5576834678649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100463513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227322","display_name":"Data model (GIS)","level":2,"score":0.48494580388069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4799478352069855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56321713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"GIS applications","level":3,"score":0.4742752015590668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148162668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"AM/FM/GIS","level":4,"score":0.47316059470176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.45297306776046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4133754074573517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3516051769256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.22916874289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.18393737077713013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.12348219752311707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12002772092819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/02693799408902001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799408902001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of geographical information systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W623873469","https://openalex.org/W983721639","https://openalex.org/W1531715408","https://openalex.org/W1539134541","https://openalex.org/W1544752055","https://openalex.org/W1966801648","https://openalex.org/W1970396124","https://openalex.org/W1985835001","https://openalex.org/W1993292463","https://openalex.org/W2026169687","https://openalex.org/W2058028926","https://openalex.org/W2074416976","https://openalex.org/W2101320768","https://openalex.org/W2101669779","https://openalex.org/W2109060808","https://openalex.org/W2150047828","https://openalex.org/W2165515361","https://openalex.org/W2166449878","https://openalex.org/W2520545960","https://openalex.org/W2523845014","https://openalex.org/W2793818879","https://openalex.org/W2889775874","https://openalex.org/W3169724355","https://openalex.org/W4232451097","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2557809861","https://openalex.org/W653996709","https://openalex.org/W2954210378","https://openalex.org/W2006771023","https://openalex.org/W2209631380","https://openalex.org/W2393857975","https://openalex.org/W3170866059","https://openalex.org/W2393810056","https://openalex.org/W2362719297","https://openalex.org/W1994695103"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,16],"is":[1,18,179],"the":[2,22,28,32,68,75,114,145,154,158,162,166,175],"first":[3,78],"of":[4,25,165],"two":[5],"papers":[6],"elaborating":[7],"a":[8],"framework":[9,17,178],"for":[10],"embedding":[11],"urban":[12],"models":[13,171],"within":[14],"GIS.":[15,76],"based":[19,63,82],"upon":[20],"using":[21,144],"display":[23,81],"capabilities":[24],"GIS":[26,147],"as":[27],"user":[29],"interface":[30],"to":[31,43,50,92,131,150],"conventional":[33],"modelling":[34,177],"process,":[35],"beginning":[36],"with":[37,80,134],"data":[38,94,127,152],"selection":[39],"and":[40,46,48,72,88,122,142,174,181],"analysis,":[41],"moving":[42],"model":[44,101],"specification":[45],"calibration,":[47],"thence":[49],"prediction.":[51],"In":[52,161],"this":[53,61],"paper,":[54,167],"we":[55],"outline":[56],"how":[57,108,113,123],"various":[58,109,168],"stages":[59],"in":[60,157],"process":[62],"on":[64,83],"purpose-built":[65],"software":[66],"outside":[67],"system,":[69],"are":[70,111,172],"accessed":[71],"operated":[73],"through":[74],"We":[77,105,137],"deal":[79],"thematic":[84,135],"maps,":[85],"surfaces,":[86],"graphs":[87],"linked":[89],"windows,":[90],"standard":[91],"any":[93],"from":[95],"whatever":[96],"source,":[97],"be":[98,118,132],"it":[99],"observations,":[100],"estimates":[102],"or":[103,120],"predictions.":[104],"then":[106],"describe":[107],"datasets":[110],"selected,":[112],"spatial":[115,126],"system":[116],"can":[117],"partitioned":[119],"aggregated,":[121],"rudimentary":[124],"exploratory":[125],"analysis":[128],"enables":[129],"scatterplots":[130],"associated":[133],"maps.":[136],"illustrate":[138],"all":[139],"these":[140],"functions":[141],"operations":[143],"proprietary":[146],"ARC-INFO":[148],"applied":[149],"population":[151],"at":[153],"tract":[155],"level":[156],"Buffalo":[159],"region.":[160],"second":[163],"part":[164],"residential":[169],"location":[170],"outlined":[173],"full":[176],"assembled":[180],"demonstrated.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}