{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2041885120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799208901892","title":"Data access, charging and copyright and their implications for geographical information systems","display_name":"Data access, charging and copyright and their implications for geographical information systems","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2041885120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799208901892","mag":"2041885120"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/02693799208901892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799208901892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of geographical information systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007226819","display_name":"David Rhind","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Rhind","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography , Birkbeck College, University of London , 7-15 Gresse Street, London, W1P 1PA, U.K","Department of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 7\u201315 Gresse Street, London W1P 1PA, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography , Birkbeck College, University of London , 7-15 Gresse Street, London, W1P 1PA, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 7\u201315 Gresse Street, London W1P 1PA, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007226819"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6238,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97435897,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11769","display_name":"Copyright and Intellectual Property","score":0.9059000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11769","display_name":"Copyright and Intellectual Property","score":0.9059000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.6221957206726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.588283360004425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4661012887954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-access","display_name":"Data access","score":0.4282214939594269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.4221612215042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-science","display_name":"Regional science","score":0.4211388826370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.41962379217147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.40609651803970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3154333829879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.14091870188713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.13288119435310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1314047873020172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.6221957206726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.588283360004425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4661012887954712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.4282214939594269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.4221612215042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.4211388826370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.41962379217147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.40609651803970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3154333829879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.14091870188713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.13288119435310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1314047873020172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/02693799208901892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799208901892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of geographical information systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576754856","https://openalex.org/W1583420461","https://openalex.org/W2016621689","https://openalex.org/W2078220475","https://openalex.org/W2468269677","https://openalex.org/W3120138649","https://openalex.org/W4236690124","https://openalex.org/W4242298633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347703430","https://openalex.org/W3148227991","https://openalex.org/W3001521712","https://openalex.org/W4312895206","https://openalex.org/W4210727352","https://openalex.org/W2380470746","https://openalex.org/W1486593826","https://openalex.org/W2475694835","https://openalex.org/W2987980409","https://openalex.org/W2356632513"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Few":[1],"geographical":[2,11,41,55,152,174,194,213],"information":[3,42,50,65,153,197,214],"systems":[4,43,51],"generate":[5],"all":[6],"their":[7,96],"own":[8],"data.":[9],"As":[10],"or":[12,196],"spatial":[13],"data":[14,27,56,80,94,135,175,195],"are":[15,57,121,176],"the":[16,21,61,70,90,93,106,111,114,132,163,171,191,200,210],"fuel":[17],"of":[18,26,35,49,60,83,92,134,151,173,193,212],"such":[19],"systems,":[20],"availability,":[22,84],"access":[23],"and":[24,63,77,86,113,118,139,162,198],"price":[25,149],"sets":[28],"held":[29],"by":[30,95],"others":[31],"becomes":[32],"a":[33,46],"matter":[34],"considerable":[36],"importance.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"context,":[40],"form":[44],"only":[45],"special":[47],"case":[48],"in":[52,81,110,116],"general,":[53],"but":[54],"increasingly":[58],"part":[59],"national":[62],"international":[64,203],"economy.":[66],"This":[67],"paper":[68],"examines":[69],"current":[71],"situation":[72,109],"with":[73,146],"respect":[74],"to":[75,129,144,190],"topographic":[76],"remotely":[78],"sensed":[79],"terms":[82],"pricing":[85,192],"restrictions":[87],"placed":[88],"on":[89,103,209],"use":[91],"owners;":[97],"although":[98],"it":[99,141],"is":[100,127,142,154,179],"based":[101],"primarily":[102],"European":[104],"experience,":[105],"very":[107],"different":[108],"U.S.A.":[112],"experience":[115],"Australia":[117],"New":[119,160],"Zealand":[120,161],"taken":[122],"into":[123],"account.":[124],"An":[125],"attempt":[126],"made":[128],"examine":[130],"how":[131,140],"value":[133],"may":[136,167],"be":[137,168],"quantified":[138],"likely":[143],"decline":[145],"time.":[147],"The":[148],"elasticity":[150],"examined":[155],"using":[156],"an":[157],"example":[158],"from":[159],"legal":[164],"liabilities":[165],"which":[166],"incurred":[169],"through":[170],"sale":[172],"outlined.":[177],"It":[178],"concluded":[180],"that":[181,199],"no":[182],"satisfactory,":[183],"non-arbitrary":[184],"solution":[185],"has":[186],"yet":[187],"been":[188],"found":[189],"highly":[201],"varied":[202],"practices":[204],"will":[205],"have":[206],"important":[207],"effects":[208],"development":[211],"systems.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
