{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2225770107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693798908941518","title":"Propagation of errors in spatial modelling with GIS","display_name":"Propagation of errors in spatial modelling with GIS","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2225770107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693798908941518","mag":"2225770107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/02693798908941518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693798908941518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of geographical information systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/e30e8fce-4199-4923-a9e3-6e39060e557c","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011620756","display_name":"G.B.M. Heuvelink","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0959-9358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"GERARD B. M. HEUVELINK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Geography, University of Utrecht, PO Box 80.115, 3508 TC, Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, The Netherlands","Department of Physical Geography , University of Utrecht , PO Box 80.115, 3508 TC, Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Geography, University of Utrecht, PO Box 80.115, 3508 TC, Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Geography , University of Utrecht , PO Box 80.115, 3508 TC, Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040130688","display_name":"P.A. Burrough","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PETER A. BURROUGH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Geography, University of Utrecht, PO Box 80.115, 3508 TC, Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, The Netherlands","Department of Physical Geography , University of Utrecht , PO Box 80.115, 3508 TC, Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Geography, University of Utrecht, PO Box 80.115, 3508 TC, Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Geography , University of Utrecht , PO Box 80.115, 3508 TC, Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082935691","display_name":"Alfred Stein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9456-1233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090479","display_name":"Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00dztkz65","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090479"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ALFRED STEIN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Soil Science and Geology, Agricultural University Wageningen, The Netherlands","Department of Soil Science and Geology , Agricultural University Wageningen , The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil Science and Geology, Agricultural University Wageningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil Science and Geology , Agricultural University Wageningen , The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":44.7668,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":318,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9975272,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"303","last_page":"322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raster-graphics","display_name":"Raster graphics","score":0.709475576877594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.6266631484031677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6077265739440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagation-of-uncertainty","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","score":0.5825334787368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taylor-series","display_name":"Taylor series","score":0.5704091787338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raster-data","display_name":"Raster data","score":0.5527448058128357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5329153537750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5081706047058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentiable-function","display_name":"Differentiable function","score":0.49923110008239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4749434292316437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.46113359928131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.45370715856552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.41764718294143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3216603994369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3157951235771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14767542481422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.11025512218475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09271073341369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09228911995887756}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181844469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182270","display_name":"Raster graphics","level":2,"score":0.709475576877594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.6266631484031677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6077265739440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123614077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364905","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.5825334787368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158946198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131187","display_name":"Taylor series","level":2,"score":0.5704091787338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2692088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182270","display_name":"Raster data","level":3,"score":0.5527448058128357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5329153537750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5081706047058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202615002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783507","display_name":"Differentiable function","level":2,"score":0.49923110008239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4749434292316437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46113359928131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.45370715856552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.41764718294143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3216603994369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3157951235771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14767542481422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.11025512218475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09271073341369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09228911995887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/02693798908941518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02693798908941518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of geographical information systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire/e30e8fce-4199-4923-a9e3-6e39060e557c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/e30e8fce-4199-4923-a9e3-6e39060e557c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heuvelink, G B M, Burrough, P A & Stein, A 1989, 'Propagation of errors in spatial modelling with GIS', International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 303-322. https://doi.org/10.1080/02693798908941518","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire_cris_publications/c7740e6a-f411-41d0-9b8a-dae02c7f9ae1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/c7740e6a-f411-41d0-9b8a-dae02c7f9ae1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heuvelink, G B M, Burrough, P A & Stein, A 2006, Propagation of errors in spatial modelling with GIS. in P F Fisher (ed.), Classics from IJGIS : 20 years of the International Journal of Geographical Information Science and Systems.. CRC Press (Taylor & Francis), pp. 67-89.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"},{"id":"pmh:oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/12637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/propagation-of-errors-in-spatial-modelling-with-gis","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201231","display_name":"Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling","issn_l":"2663-3027","issn":["2663-3027"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 0269-3798","raw_type":"Article/Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:publications/e30e8fce-4199-4923-a9e3-6e39060e557c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ezproxy2.utwente.nl/login?url=https://webapps.itc.utwente.nl/library/1989/isi/stein_pro.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/357731180/stein_pro.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Heuvelink, G B M, Burrough, P A & Stein, A 1989, 'Propagation of errors in spatial modelling with GIS', International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 303-322. https://doi.org/10.1080/02693798908941518","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire/e30e8fce-4199-4923-a9e3-6e39060e557c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/e30e8fce-4199-4923-a9e3-6e39060e557c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heuvelink, G B M, Burrough, P A & Stein, A 1989, 'Propagation of errors in spatial modelling with GIS', International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 303-322. https://doi.org/10.1080/02693798908941518","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W296310314","https://openalex.org/W1515278249","https://openalex.org/W1544752055","https://openalex.org/W1545189789","https://openalex.org/W1547526949","https://openalex.org/W1560387874","https://openalex.org/W1564116863","https://openalex.org/W1623074706","https://openalex.org/W1765455324","https://openalex.org/W1866320023","https://openalex.org/W1965470587","https://openalex.org/W1976655797","https://openalex.org/W1984457100","https://openalex.org/W1996080888","https://openalex.org/W2013636937","https://openalex.org/W2036664398","https://openalex.org/W2037825302","https://openalex.org/W2045448358","https://openalex.org/W2050835151","https://openalex.org/W2053792421","https://openalex.org/W2062599367","https://openalex.org/W2088210959","https://openalex.org/W2095203801","https://openalex.org/W2101320768","https://openalex.org/W2105643624","https://openalex.org/W2114248304","https://openalex.org/W2122153187","https://openalex.org/W2157895715","https://openalex.org/W2326260423","https://openalex.org/W2489062697","https://openalex.org/W2578550681","https://openalex.org/W2613288438","https://openalex.org/W2623408274","https://openalex.org/W2912118587","https://openalex.org/W2912916421","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299811103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2996808565","https://openalex.org/W1997953140","https://openalex.org/W2371122778","https://openalex.org/W4245508207","https://openalex.org/W1488652151","https://openalex.org/W2026066822","https://openalex.org/W2954918491","https://openalex.org/W2965182652","https://openalex.org/W1964658094","https://openalex.org/W4289376925"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Methods":[0],"are":[1,12,68,144],"needed":[2],"for":[3,46],"monitoring":[4],"the":[5,27,58,64,83,116,119],"propagation":[6,33],"of":[7,31,79,109,115,124],"errors":[8,75,117],"when":[9],"spatial":[10],"models":[11],"driven":[13],"by":[14,91,106,146],"quantitative":[15],"data":[16],"stored":[17],"in":[18,118],"raster":[19],"geographical":[20],"information":[21],"systems.":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"demonstrates":[25],"how":[26],"standard":[28,74],"stochastic":[29],"theory":[30],"error":[32],"can":[34,88,127],"be":[35,89,128,136],"extended":[36],"and":[37,72,76,82,130],"applied":[38],"to":[39,62,135],"continuously":[40],"differentiable":[41],"arithmetic":[42],"operations":[43],"(quantitative":[44],"models)":[45],"manipulating":[47],"gridded":[48],"map":[49,102,108],"data.":[50,96],"The":[51,97,112,142],"statistical":[52],"methods":[53,143],"have":[54],"been":[55],"programmed":[56],"using":[57],"Taylor":[59],"series":[60],"expansion":[61],"approximate":[63],"models.":[65],"Model":[66],"inputs":[67,120],"(a)":[69],"model":[70,98],"coefficients":[71],"their":[73],"(b)":[77],"maps":[78,123],"continuous":[80],"variables":[81],"associated":[84],"prediction":[85,110],"errors,":[86],"which":[87],"obtained":[90],"optimal":[92],"interpolation":[93],"from":[94],"point":[95],"output":[99],"is":[100,104],"a":[101,107],"that":[103],"accompanied":[105],"errors.":[111],"relative":[113],"contributions":[114],"(model":[121],"coefficients,":[122],"individual":[125],"variables)":[126],"determined":[129],"mapped":[131],"separately":[132],"allowing":[133],"judgments":[134],"made":[137],"about":[138],"subsequent":[139],"survey":[140],"optimization.":[141],"illustrated":[145],"two":[147],"case":[148],"studies.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-09-01T08:31:24.195828","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}