{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008052998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01969728008927624","title":"HIERARCHICAL DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION FOR LINEAR DISCRETE SYSTEMS","display_name":"HIERARCHICAL DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION FOR LINEAR DISCRETE SYSTEMS","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008052998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01969728008927624","mag":"2008052998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01969728008927624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01969728008927624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233685","display_name":"Journal of Cybernetics","issn_l":"0022-0280","issn":["0022-0280","2331-3803"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042824986","display_name":"Madan M. Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5224-4774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"MADAN M. GUPTA","raw_affiliation_strings":["\n College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada","[College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\n College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042824986"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8534,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83723911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1-3","first_page":"41","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6111891269683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6003007292747498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.5621306896209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5048121213912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.47833797335624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4608018696308136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.42622458934783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-quadratic-gaussian-control","display_name":"Linear-quadratic-Gaussian control","score":0.42107701301574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.41967976093292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-system","display_name":"Linear system","score":0.4109051823616028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.410367876291275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.3903392255306244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.36404818296432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3434397876262665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16716235876083374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6111891269683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6003007292747498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.5621306896209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5048121213912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.47833797335624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4608018696308136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.42622458934783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204495892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798304","display_name":"Linear-quadratic-Gaussian control","level":3,"score":0.42107701301574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41967976093292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6802819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072174","display_name":"Linear system","level":2,"score":0.4109051823616028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.410367876291275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.3903392255306244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.36404818296432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3434397876262665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16716235876083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01969728008927624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01969728008927624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233685","display_name":"Journal of Cybernetics","issn_l":"0022-0280","issn":["0022-0280","2331-3803"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W760843063","https://openalex.org/W1020086275","https://openalex.org/W2028631419","https://openalex.org/W2068605895","https://openalex.org/W2138762173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999291921","https://openalex.org/W2107169685","https://openalex.org/W2115005925","https://openalex.org/W4245839115","https://openalex.org/W2111439273","https://openalex.org/W1998777431","https://openalex.org/W2101783086","https://openalex.org/W2619014647","https://openalex.org/W2151337373","https://openalex.org/W2047206873"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,109],"this":[2,127],"paper":[3],"an":[4,38],"on-line":[5,31,128],"multilevel":[6,129],"suboptimal":[7],"control":[8,85,103,130,144],"procedure":[9,33,131],"is":[10,67,76,87,132],"developed":[11],"for":[12,124],"large-scale,":[13],"time-invariant,":[14],"and":[15,23,44,63,73],"discrete":[16],"linear":[17],"systems":[18,125],"with":[19],"quadratic":[20],"performance":[21,74],"criterion,":[22],"measurement":[24],"disturbances":[25],"having":[26],"arbitrary":[27],"statistical":[28],"distributions.":[29],"The":[30],"coordination":[32],"as":[34],"reported":[35],"here":[36],"employs":[37],"upper-level":[39],"intervention":[40,91],"through":[41],"interaction":[42],"estimates":[43],"goal":[45],"modifications":[46],"in":[47],"order":[48],"to":[49,60,78,89,99,106],"modify":[50],"lower-level":[51],"subsystem":[52],"optimization":[53],"problems.":[54],"Their":[55],"individual":[56],"controls":[57],"are":[58],"applied":[59,105],"the":[61,64,79,102,107,110,114,120,136],"system":[62],"resulting":[65,138],"output":[66],"estimated":[68],"by":[69],"Kalman":[70],"Type":[71],"filter":[72],"information":[75],"fedback":[77],"upper":[80],"level":[81],"unit.":[82],"A":[83],"reference":[84],"approach":[86],"used":[88],"up-date":[90],"variables":[92],"over":[93],"a":[94,140],"sequence":[95],"of":[96,113,135],"time":[97],"instants":[98],"improve":[100],"on":[101],"being":[104],"process.":[108],"computer":[111],"simulation":[112],"process,":[115],"it":[116],"was":[117],"found":[118],"that":[119],"actual":[121],"overall":[122,142],"cost":[123,137],"using":[126],"within":[133],"\u00b110%":[134],"from":[139],"conventional":[141],"optimal":[143],"policy.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}