{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409765670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01969722.2025.2483718","title":"MCL++ : Strengthening Defenses Against Backdoor Poisoning Attacks","display_name":"MCL++ : Strengthening Defenses Against Backdoor Poisoning Attacks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409765670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01969722.2025.2483718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01969722.2025.2483718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01969722.2025.2483718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117436046","display_name":"Cybernetics & Systems","issn_l":"0196-9722","issn":["0196-9722","1087-6553"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybernetics and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101994402","display_name":"Shymala Gowri S","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8700-0983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109528","display_name":"PSG INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED RESEARCH","ror":"https://ror.org/01sa9ng67","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109528"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shymala Gowri Selvaganapathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, PSG College of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8700-0983","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, PSG College of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016317053","display_name":"G. Sudha Sadasivam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-1869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109528","display_name":"PSG INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED RESEARCH","ror":"https://ror.org/01sa9ng67","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109528"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudha Sadasivam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PSG College of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PSG College of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109528"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101994402"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109528"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03719894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor","display_name":"Backdoor","score":0.9912067651748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5352400541305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.33755895495414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2285914421081543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.9912067651748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5352400541305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33755895495414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2285914421081543}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01969722.2025.2483718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01969722.2025.2483718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117436046","display_name":"Cybernetics & Systems","issn_l":"0196-9722","issn":["0196-9722","1087-6553"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybernetics and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":111,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1552056088","https://openalex.org/W2033368661","https://openalex.org/W2067713319","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2535690855","https://openalex.org/W2579920576","https://openalex.org/W2753783305","https://openalex.org/W2774423163","https://openalex.org/W2914712270","https://openalex.org/W2934843808","https://openalex.org/W2942091739","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2966689772","https://openalex.org/W2970335439","https://openalex.org/W3010216907","https://openalex.org/W3083185154","https://openalex.org/W3107337211","https://openalex.org/W3117572899","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3121478722","https://openalex.org/W3123895164","https://openalex.org/W3128663834","https://openalex.org/W3152758407","https://openalex.org/W3157391214","https://openalex.org/W3175215793","https://openalex.org/W3204619801","https://openalex.org/W3206773754","https://openalex.org/W3209819950","https://openalex.org/W3210227505","https://openalex.org/W3210327063","https://openalex.org/W3214636874","https://openalex.org/W4206230075","https://openalex.org/W4280627472","https://openalex.org/W4283705168","https://openalex.org/W4286904975","https://openalex.org/W4311644718","https://openalex.org/W4312569687","https://openalex.org/W4318148078","https://openalex.org/W4322736917","https://openalex.org/W4323022560","https://openalex.org/W4324007922","https://openalex.org/W4327781379","https://openalex.org/W4360818952","https://openalex.org/W4360995550","https://openalex.org/W4365807860","https://openalex.org/W4378942684","https://openalex.org/W4383221314","https://openalex.org/W4386065388","https://openalex.org/W4386072263","https://openalex.org/W4386076050","https://openalex.org/W4386624058","https://openalex.org/W4387393504","https://openalex.org/W4387623692","https://openalex.org/W4387968150","https://openalex.org/W4388206624","https://openalex.org/W4388671832","https://openalex.org/W4388720055","https://openalex.org/W4388821948","https://openalex.org/W4390136877","https://openalex.org/W4390577972","https://openalex.org/W4390690432","https://openalex.org/W4391007419","https://openalex.org/W4391026923","https://openalex.org/W4392086355","https://openalex.org/W4392341415","https://openalex.org/W4392576553","https://openalex.org/W4392719441","https://openalex.org/W4393154589","https://openalex.org/W4393158745","https://openalex.org/W4393160197","https://openalex.org/W4393160691","https://openalex.org/W4393161233","https://openalex.org/W4393851635","https://openalex.org/W4394597832","https://openalex.org/W4394691859","https://openalex.org/W4394896797","https://openalex.org/W4394929583","https://openalex.org/W4395022337","https://openalex.org/W4395028456","https://openalex.org/W4396758988","https://openalex.org/W4396882080","https://openalex.org/W4398130941","https://openalex.org/W4398157294","https://openalex.org/W4398199753","https://openalex.org/W4398757423","https://openalex.org/W4399490313","https://openalex.org/W4399794300","https://openalex.org/W4399836830","https://openalex.org/W4399953357","https://openalex.org/W4399996467","https://openalex.org/W4400023373","https://openalex.org/W4400270522","https://openalex.org/W4400376689","https://openalex.org/W4400577191","https://openalex.org/W4400742308","https://openalex.org/W4401438376","https://openalex.org/W4401660199","https://openalex.org/W4401856709","https://openalex.org/W4402174453","https://openalex.org/W4402263926","https://openalex.org/W4402264291","https://openalex.org/W4402278491","https://openalex.org/W4402351737","https://openalex.org/W4402404331","https://openalex.org/W4402726006","https://openalex.org/W4402727728","https://openalex.org/W4403159981","https://openalex.org/W4403781307","https://openalex.org/W4404782596","https://openalex.org/W4406462047","https://openalex.org/W4409361699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W4320031223","https://openalex.org/W4200629851","https://openalex.org/W4281902577","https://openalex.org/W4309417370","https://openalex.org/W4292107232","https://openalex.org/W3009072493","https://openalex.org/W4386080799","https://openalex.org/W3140988292","https://openalex.org/W4401407399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prevalent":[0],"usage":[1,144],"of":[2,8,15,32,87,123,132,145],"learning":[3,33],"based":[4,34],"systems":[5,10],"as":[6],"part":[7],"critical":[9],"has":[11,36,45,218],"brought":[12],"wide":[13],"set":[14],"security":[16,31],"risks":[17],"encompassing":[18],"adversarial":[19,28],"attacks":[20,23],"like":[21],"evasion":[22],"and":[24,30,150,173,182,191,205],"poisoning":[25],"attacks.":[26],"Ascertaining":[27],"robustness":[29],"models":[35],"sparked":[37],"widespread":[38],"concerns.":[39],"In":[40],"backdoor":[41,64,105,124,178,187],"attacks,":[42],"backdoored":[43],"model":[44,73,88,99,141],"normal":[46],"behavior":[47],"on":[48,168,215],"pristine":[49,216],"data":[50,217],"but":[51],"makes":[52],"attacker":[53],"induced":[54],"predictions":[55],"for":[56],"poisoned":[57,118,133],"samples.":[58],"Major":[59],"challenges":[60],"faced":[61],"with":[62,185],"existing":[63,104,209],"defense":[65],"techniques":[66],"is":[67],"that":[68],"while":[69],"they":[70,77],"sanitize":[71],"the":[72,85],"to":[74,117,120,129,135,154,160],"remove":[75],"backdoors,":[76],"often":[78],"reduce":[79],"Attack":[80],"Success":[81],"Rate":[82],"(ASR)":[83],"at":[84],"cost":[86],"Benign":[89],"Accuracy":[90],"(BA)":[91],"degradation.":[92],"To":[93],"address":[94],"these":[95],"problems,":[96],"our":[97],"proposed":[98,195],"sanitization":[100],"technique":[101,197],"inspired":[102],"by":[103,143,201],"elimination":[106],"defense,":[107],"Model":[108],"Contrastive":[109,151],"Loss":[110,148,152],"(MCL)":[111],"involves":[112],"(1)applying":[113],"Gaussian":[114],"adaptive":[115],"filtering":[116],"samples":[119,134],"mitigate":[121],"effect":[122],"trigger;":[125],"(2)leveraging":[126],"K-means":[127],"clustering":[128],"feature":[130,158],"representation":[131],"construct":[136],"pseudo":[137],"labels;":[138],"(3)":[139],"tuning":[140],"parameters":[142],"Triplet":[146],"Marginal":[147],"(TML)":[149],"(CL)":[153],"continuously":[155],"refine":[156],"learned":[157],"space":[159],"yield":[161],"purified":[162],"model.":[163],"Experimental":[164],"evaluation":[165],"was":[166],"performed":[167],"benchmark":[169],"datasets:":[170],"CIFAR-10,":[171],"Imagenet":[172],"GTSRB":[174],"against":[175],"poison":[176],"label":[177,190],"attacks:":[179,188],"BadNets,":[180],"Trojan,":[181],"Blend":[183],"along":[184],"clean-label":[186],"consistent":[189],"SIGNAL":[192],"(SIG).":[193],"Our":[194],"MCL++":[196],"exhibits":[198],"improved":[199,206],"effectiveness":[200],"exhibiting":[202],"low":[203],"ASR":[204],"BA":[207],"than":[208],"MCL":[210],"technique,":[211],"ensuring":[212],"model\u2019s":[213],"performance":[214],"not":[219],"been":[220],"compromised.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
