{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2966906730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01969722.2019.1646021","title":"The Viable Smart Product Model: Designing Products that Undergo Disruptive Transformations","display_name":"The Viable Smart Product Model: Designing Products that Undergo Disruptive Transformations","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2966906730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01969722.2019.1646021","mag":"2966906730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01969722.2019.1646021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01969722.2019.1646021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117436046","display_name":"Cybernetics & Systems","issn_l":"0196-9722","issn":["0196-9722","1087-6553"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybernetics and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019062051","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Barata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7456-594X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Barata","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISUC, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7456-594X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000326321","display_name":"Paulo Rupino da Cunha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-5248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Rupino da Cunha","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISUC, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-5248","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019062051"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83140698,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"7","first_page":"629","last_page":"655"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viable-system-model","display_name":"Viable system model","score":0.6580027341842651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6516642570495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-transformation","display_name":"Digital transformation","score":0.5443316698074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-4.0","display_name":"Industry 4.0","score":0.4607158303260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.45694148540496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-service-system","display_name":"Product-service system","score":0.4425666332244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.43704739212989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohesion","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","score":0.41721469163894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.35707521438598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3411858379840851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3366042375564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.33457863330841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3251377046108246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-model","display_name":"Business model","score":0.2315969169139862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.1757524013519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13994911313056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13609668612480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.12796539068222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybernetics","display_name":"Cybernetics","score":0.08894291520118713}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164802487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624501","display_name":"Viable system model","level":3,"score":0.6580027341842651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6516642570495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126082660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4252370","display_name":"Digital transformation","level":2,"score":0.5443316698074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777986313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661989","display_name":"Industry 4.0","level":2,"score":0.4607158303260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45694148540496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122642867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179106","display_name":"Product-service system","level":3,"score":0.4425666332244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.43704739212989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104054115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216828","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.41721469163894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35707521438598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3411858379840851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3366042375564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.33457863330841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3251377046108246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.2315969169139862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1757524013519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13994911313056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13609668612480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.12796539068222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115286129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123637","display_name":"Cybernetics","level":2,"score":0.08894291520118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01969722.2019.1646021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01969722.2019.1646021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117436046","display_name":"Cybernetics & Systems","issn_l":"0196-9722","issn":["0196-9722","1087-6553"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybernetics and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513263247","https://openalex.org/W1741504538","https://openalex.org/W1915139648","https://openalex.org/W1966941463","https://openalex.org/W1968424563","https://openalex.org/W1976408896","https://openalex.org/W1976793263","https://openalex.org/W1978687871","https://openalex.org/W1979519462","https://openalex.org/W1988020212","https://openalex.org/W1989248979","https://openalex.org/W2007148351","https://openalex.org/W2008601709","https://openalex.org/W2075763914","https://openalex.org/W2079533706","https://openalex.org/W2083712072","https://openalex.org/W2116915517","https://openalex.org/W2136922540","https://openalex.org/W2137255366","https://openalex.org/W2156924871","https://openalex.org/W2173380618","https://openalex.org/W2184481998","https://openalex.org/W2265337851","https://openalex.org/W2325522768","https://openalex.org/W2507333996","https://openalex.org/W2511014273","https://openalex.org/W2517538075","https://openalex.org/W2534042352","https://openalex.org/W2541577353","https://openalex.org/W2557013366","https://openalex.org/W2558617721","https://openalex.org/W2593148160","https://openalex.org/W2625085489","https://openalex.org/W2656075374","https://openalex.org/W2663017374","https://openalex.org/W2741527112","https://openalex.org/W2742690770","https://openalex.org/W2750761910","https://openalex.org/W2751079608","https://openalex.org/W2755528635","https://openalex.org/W2765748284","https://openalex.org/W2766612006","https://openalex.org/W2771048480","https://openalex.org/W2778702375","https://openalex.org/W2783015502","https://openalex.org/W2783168567","https://openalex.org/W2795876296","https://openalex.org/W2799903446","https://openalex.org/W2801936771","https://openalex.org/W2803161710","https://openalex.org/W2811339051","https://openalex.org/W2811450739","https://openalex.org/W2815059471","https://openalex.org/W2884980953","https://openalex.org/W2886599162","https://openalex.org/W2897532438","https://openalex.org/W2935509659","https://openalex.org/W2950619306","https://openalex.org/W3017302626","https://openalex.org/W3102325394","https://openalex.org/W3125505924","https://openalex.org/W3151685851","https://openalex.org/W4234417753","https://openalex.org/W4246227715","https://openalex.org/W4248743374","https://openalex.org/W4297081765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972811399","https://openalex.org/W2052635581","https://openalex.org/W2795962226","https://openalex.org/W2217121926","https://openalex.org/W4248808011","https://openalex.org/W2356003553","https://openalex.org/W1534130421","https://openalex.org/W2375916395","https://openalex.org/W2367499504","https://openalex.org/W2551940126"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart,":[0],"interconnected":[1],"products":[2,36,88],"are":[3],"transforming":[4],"the":[5,25,28,40,55,61],"industry.":[6],"Construction":[7],"is":[8],"a":[9,51,74],"paradigmatic":[10],"example":[11],"of":[12,27,77],"digital":[13],"transformation":[14],"incorporating":[15],"systems":[16],"to":[17,33,39],"improve":[18],"safety":[19],"and":[20,57,65],"productivity.":[21],"This":[22],"research":[23,49],"uses":[24],"lens":[26],"Viable":[29],"System":[30],"Model":[31],"(VSM)":[32],"design":[34,47],"smart":[35,62,87],"that":[37],"adhere":[38],"organization":[41],"strategy":[42],"in":[43,67,84],"disruptive":[44],"transformations.":[45],"Our":[46],"science":[48],"involving":[50],"construction":[52],"group":[53],"defines":[54],"necessary":[56],"sufficient":[58],"conditions":[59],"for":[60,89],"system":[63],"cohesion":[64],"endurance":[66],"changing":[68],"environments.":[69],"For":[70,79],"theory,":[71],"we":[72,81],"propose":[73],"product-level":[75],"adoption":[76],"VSM.":[78],"practice,":[80],"assist":[82],"managers":[83],"creating":[85],"viable":[86],"their":[90],"industry":[91],"4.0":[92],"strategy.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}