{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002775621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01969720490451887","title":"A NEURAL NETWORK INTERPRETATION OF CODONS","display_name":"A NEURAL NETWORK INTERPRETATION OF CODONS","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002775621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01969720490451887","mag":"2002775621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01969720490451887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01969720490451887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117436046","display_name":"Cybernetics & Systems","issn_l":"0196-9722","issn":["0196-9722","1087-6553"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybernetics and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026072119","display_name":"Patrick L. Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7298-9442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. ANDERSON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department , Rochester, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department , Rochester, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036689796","display_name":"Roger S. Gaborski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. GABORSKI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department , Rochester, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department , Rochester, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085610498","display_name":"Yu\u2010Ting Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5912-3406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159451","display_name":"Kodak (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04rn3ph18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175669267","display_name":"Carestream (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/048m16q57","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175669267"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. CHANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Labs, Eastman Kodak Company , Rochester, New York, USA","Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Labs, Eastman Kodak Company , Rochester, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175669267","https://openalex.org/I4210159451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175669267","https://openalex.org/I4210159451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026072119"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06815846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"5-6","first_page":"511","last_page":"521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amino-acid","display_name":"Amino acid","score":0.7198727130889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6816551685333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6293555498123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.6029552817344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.4264967739582062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41800791025161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3497365713119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.26921433210372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.2594648599624634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.7198727130889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6816551685333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6293555498123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6029552817344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4264967739582062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41800791025161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3497365713119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.26921433210372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2594648599624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01969720490451887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01969720490451887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117436046","display_name":"Cybernetics & Systems","issn_l":"0196-9722","issn":["0196-9722","1087-6553"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybernetics and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W837520845","https://openalex.org/W1987753787","https://openalex.org/W1989382303","https://openalex.org/W1995143868","https://openalex.org/W2045628398","https://openalex.org/W2046551774","https://openalex.org/W2071636507","https://openalex.org/W2098015235","https://openalex.org/W2144112248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3183204001","https://openalex.org/W4327743144","https://openalex.org/W4313320911","https://openalex.org/W2607424049","https://openalex.org/W4245077728","https://openalex.org/W4390922876","https://openalex.org/W2185941092","https://openalex.org/W4386782890","https://openalex.org/W3210948575","https://openalex.org/W4206302830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1],"64":[2],"possible":[3,28],"codons":[4,34],"that":[5,40,77],"map":[6],"to":[7,18,32],"20":[8],"amino":[9,12,36,92],"acids.":[10,37],"Each":[11],"acid":[13,93],"is":[14],"represented":[15,50],"by":[16,51,72],"one":[17],"six":[19],"codons.":[20],"We":[21,38,61],"were":[22,49],"interested":[23],"in":[24],"using":[25],"the":[26,41,64,67,78,85],"simplest":[27],"neural":[29],"network":[30,42],"architecture":[31],"correlate":[33],"and":[35,44],"found":[39],"learned":[43],"classified":[45],"better":[46],"if":[47],"targets":[48],"a":[52,58],"more":[53],"spread":[54],"out":[55],"format":[56],"(called":[57],"training":[59],"wheel).":[60],"also":[62],"verified":[63],"implication":[65],"of":[66,80,91],"hidden":[68,81],"nodes,":[69],"as":[70],"suggested":[71],"Tolstrup":[73],"et":[74],"al.,":[75],"namely":[76],"values":[79],"nodes":[82],"cluster":[83],"according":[84],"Goldman,":[86],"Engelman,":[87],"Steitz":[88],"(GES)":[89],"scale":[90],"transfer":[94],"free":[95],"energies.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}