{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2611266228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2016.1257523","title":"Elizebeth Friedman\u2019s security and career concerns prior to World War II","display_name":"Elizebeth Friedman\u2019s security and career concerns prior to World War II","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2611266228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2016.1257523","mag":"2611266228"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01611194.2016.1257523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2016.1257523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185196701","display_name":"Cryptologia","issn_l":"0161-1194","issn":["0161-1194","1558-1586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104071334","display_name":"Geoffrey S. Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138873065","display_name":"Long Island University","ror":"https://ror.org/0324fzh77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138873065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139290212","display_name":"Hofstra University","ror":"https://ror.org/03pm18j10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139290212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. Stuart Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hofstra University on Long Island"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hofstra University on Long Island","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138873065","https://openalex.org/I139290212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104071334"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138873065","https://openalex.org/I139290212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2175,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9097352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"3","first_page":"239","last_page":"246"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/publicity","display_name":"Publicity","score":0.7556794285774231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guard","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","score":0.7145640254020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coast-guard","display_name":"Coast guard","score":0.6258131265640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-war-ii","display_name":"World War II","score":0.525764524936676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.5141108632087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-guard","display_name":"National guard","score":0.4813981056213379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.4764269292354584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptanalysis","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","score":0.46374425292015076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-security","display_name":"National security","score":0.4392441511154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4381585121154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.4134584069252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.37249183654785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.34703752398490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.22427785396575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1941649317741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-administration","display_name":"Public administration","score":0.18883016705513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1390223205089569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-protection","display_name":"Environmental protection","score":0.05970868468284607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776003135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333727","display_name":"Publicity","level":2,"score":0.7556794285774231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141141315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2379942","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7145640254020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017894346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353040","display_name":"Coast guard","level":2,"score":0.6258131265640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137355542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362","display_name":"World War II","level":2,"score":0.525764524936676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.5141108632087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994199306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3336883","display_name":"National guard","level":2,"score":0.4813981056213379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.4764269292354584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181149355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897511","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","level":3,"score":0.46374425292015076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528167355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258307","display_name":"National security","level":2,"score":0.4392441511154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4381585121154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4134584069252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.37249183654785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.34703752398490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22427785396575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1941649317741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.18883016705513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1390223205089569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.05970868468284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01611194.2016.1257523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2016.1257523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185196701","display_name":"Cryptologia","issn_l":"0161-1194","issn":["0161-1194","1558-1586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptologia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45834516","https://openalex.org/W581174727"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103875437","https://openalex.org/W3122849658","https://openalex.org/W2994464232","https://openalex.org/W1763069953","https://openalex.org/W2796879565","https://openalex.org/W2602783441","https://openalex.org/W2606805149","https://openalex.org/W312421047","https://openalex.org/W225867654","https://openalex.org/W3214035798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Much":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2],"written":[3],"about":[4],"Elizebeth":[5],"Friedman\u2019s":[6],"codebreaking":[7],"that":[8,27,47],"busted":[9],"rum":[10],"runners":[11],"during":[12],"Prohibition":[13],"in":[14],"the":[15],"United":[16],"States.":[17],"Recently,":[18],"declassified":[19],"documents,":[20],"as":[21,23,28,42],"well":[22,41],"other":[24],"research,":[25],"demonstrate":[26],"her":[29,50],"Coast":[30],"Guard":[31],"cryptanalysis":[32],"unit":[33],"headed":[34],"toward":[35],"World":[36],"War":[37],"II,":[38],"she":[39],"(as":[40],"naval":[43],"authorities)":[44],"developed":[45],"concerns":[46],"publicity":[48],"regarding":[49],"unit\u2019s":[51],"abilities":[52],"would":[53],"tip":[54],"off":[55],"America\u2019s":[56],"enemies":[57],"and":[58],"harm":[59],"national":[60],"security.":[61]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}