{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045629259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190903185369","title":"Cracking Hill Ciphers with Goodness-of-Fit Statistics","display_name":"Cracking Hill Ciphers with Goodness-of-Fit Statistics","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045629259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190903185369","mag":"2045629259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01611190903185369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190903185369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185196701","display_name":"Cryptologia","issn_l":"0161-1194","issn":["0161-1194","1558-1586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046277930","display_name":"Dae Hyun Yum","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dae Hyun Yum","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016291668","display_name":"Pil Joong Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pil Joong Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046277930"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09756709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"4","first_page":"335","last_page":"342"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.6605426073074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptanalysis","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","score":0.5844956040382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-cipher","display_name":"Block cipher","score":0.5716969966888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5297107696533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transposition-cipher","display_name":"Transposition cipher","score":0.5192701816558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.47354501485824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cipher","display_name":"Cipher","score":0.455283522605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43421995639801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4269108772277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brute-force-attack","display_name":"Brute-force attack","score":0.4199034571647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.38996684551239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3752520680427551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/running-key-cipher","display_name":"Running key cipher","score":0.331051766872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2744005620479584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.6605426073074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181149355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897511","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","level":3,"score":0.5844956040382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.5716969966888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5297107696533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71247151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840498","display_name":"Transposition cipher","level":5,"score":0.5192701816558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.47354501485824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681865","display_name":"Cipher","level":3,"score":0.455283522605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43421995639801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4269108772277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207468940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869370","display_name":"Brute-force attack","level":3,"score":0.4199034571647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.38996684551239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3752520680427551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64119674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7380031","display_name":"Running key cipher","level":4,"score":0.331051766872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2744005620479584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01611190903185369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190903185369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185196701","display_name":"Cryptologia","issn_l":"0161-1194","issn":["0161-1194","1558-1586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oasis.postech.ac.kr:2014.oak/26085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/26085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401965","display_name":"Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","host_organization_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W329998640","https://openalex.org/W2022461859","https://openalex.org/W2058844560","https://openalex.org/W2072771565","https://openalex.org/W2081985429","https://openalex.org/W2085316699","https://openalex.org/W2324837312","https://openalex.org/W2331311907","https://openalex.org/W4205295188","https://openalex.org/W4235864901","https://openalex.org/W4246448514","https://openalex.org/W4255935838","https://openalex.org/W4294841944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388743740","https://openalex.org/W3005443245","https://openalex.org/W2559374272","https://openalex.org/W3030685797","https://openalex.org/W2049795142","https://openalex.org/W3154315844","https://openalex.org/W3004557383","https://openalex.org/W2078947311","https://openalex.org/W4377081117","https://openalex.org/W2995360641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Hill":[1,19,30,136],"cipher,":[2,12,31],"also":[3],"known":[4,27],"as":[5],"matrix":[6,40,63,115],"encryption,":[7],"is":[8],"a":[9,87],"polygraphic":[10],"substitution":[11],"developed":[13],"by":[14,49,59,65],"the":[15,29,32,38,61,95,101,135,140,144,147],"mathematician":[16],"Lester":[17],"S.":[18],"in":[20,81],"1929.":[21],"While":[22],"various":[23],"attacks":[24,133],"had":[25],"been":[26],"on":[28,94],"ciphertext-only":[33,79],"attack":[34,58,80],"without":[35,138],"assumptions":[36],"about":[37],"encryption":[39],"or":[41],"probable":[42],"plaintext":[43],"words":[44],"was":[45],"introduced":[46],"only":[47],"recently":[48],"Bauer":[50],"and":[51,116],"Millward.":[52],"They":[53],"obtained":[54],"high":[55],"efficiency":[56],"of":[57,104,143,146],"recovering":[60],"decryption":[62],"row":[64,66],"rather":[67],"than":[68],"all":[69],"rows":[70,106],"at":[71],"once.":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74],"paper,":[75],"we":[76,85,99,127],"extend":[77],"their":[78],"two":[82],"ways.":[83],"First,":[84],"present":[86],"better":[88],"scoring":[89],"system":[90],"for":[91,111,121],"cryptanalysis":[92],"based":[93],"goodness-of-fit":[96],"statistics.":[97],"Specifically,":[98],"reduce":[100],"average":[102],"number":[103],"candidate":[105],"from":[107,117],"24.83":[108],"to":[109,119,130,134],"7.00":[110],"3":[112,114],"\u00d7":[113,123],"4027.78":[118],"1220.38":[120],"4":[122,124],"matrix.":[125],"Second,":[126],"show":[128],"how":[129],"apply":[131],"our":[132],"cipher":[137],"knowing":[139],"numeric":[141],"equivalents":[142],"letters":[145],"plaintexts.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
