{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2077881181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190601038225","title":"Wilhelm Fenner and the Development of the German Cipher Bureau, 1922\u20131939","display_name":"Wilhelm Fenner and the Development of the German Cipher Bureau, 1922\u20131939","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2077881181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190601038225","mag":"2077881181"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01611190601038225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190601038225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185196701","display_name":"Cryptologia","issn_l":"0161-1194","issn":["0161-1194","1558-1586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042455862","display_name":"David \u00c1lvarez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4716-8217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316868585","display_name":"Fidal","ror":"https://ror.org/04nwdyy60","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316868585"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Alvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Correspondencedalvarez@stmarys-ca.edu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Correspondencedalvarez@stmarys-ca.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316868585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042455862"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316868585"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.969,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92986649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"2","first_page":"152","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german","display_name":"German","score":0.6803368926048279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cipher","display_name":"Cipher","score":0.5510799884796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.5306747555732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.32574570178985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.30759358406066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2855754494667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22948986291885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.12981703877449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.12643787264823914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.6803368926048279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681865","display_name":"Cipher","level":3,"score":0.5510799884796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5306747555732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.32574570178985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.30759358406066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2855754494667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22948986291885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.12981703877449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.12643787264823914}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01611190601038225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190601038225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185196701","display_name":"Cryptologia","issn_l":"0161-1194","issn":["0161-1194","1558-1586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptologia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529943015","https://openalex.org/W2022033704","https://openalex.org/W2079963085"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2065387230","https://openalex.org/W2323937687","https://openalex.org/W648995381","https://openalex.org/W3033791384","https://openalex.org/W2141885522","https://openalex.org/W2776312268","https://openalex.org/W4246315097","https://openalex.org/W346029495","https://openalex.org/W2516447249"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Wilhelm":[1],"Fenner":[2],"was":[3],"the":[4,8,11,24,31,37,54],"central":[5],"figure":[6],"in":[7,23,30],"evolution":[9],"of":[10,26,59],"German":[12,27],"Cipher":[13,38],"Bureau":[14,39],"between":[15],"1922":[16],"and":[17,19,56],"1939,":[18],"a":[20,42],"major":[21],"personality":[22],"history":[25],"communications":[28,45],"intelligence":[29,46],"interwar":[32],"period.":[33],"Under":[34],"his":[35],"direction,":[36],"evolved":[40],"into":[41],"highly":[43],"professional":[44],"service,":[47],"which":[48],"scored":[49],"impressive":[50],"cryptanalytic":[51],"successes":[52],"against":[53],"diplomatic":[55],"military":[57],"systems":[58],"many":[60],"countries.":[61]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
