{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018044664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118291856759","title":"WHY GERMANY LOST THE CODE WAR","display_name":"WHY GERMANY LOST THE CODE WAR","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018044664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118291856759","mag":"2018044664"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0161-118291856759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118291856759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185196701","display_name":"Cryptologia","issn_l":"0161-1194","issn":["0161-1194","1558-1586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109457869","display_name":"David Kahn","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"DAVID KAHN","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109457869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18664465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"26","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.9513999819755554,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.9513999819755554,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german","display_name":"German","score":0.6857174634933472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cipher","display_name":"Cipher","score":0.5344530344009399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5224732160568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-war-ii","display_name":"World War II","score":0.45037519931793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.41529226303100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.4067460000514984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.35790562629699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3476564884185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-history","display_name":"Economic history","score":0.34271979331970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classics","display_name":"Classics","score":0.3329709470272064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30924472212791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22404485940933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2003488838672638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.15150651335716248}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.6857174634933472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681865","display_name":"Cipher","level":3,"score":0.5344530344009399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5224732160568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137355542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362","display_name":"World War II","level":2,"score":0.45037519931793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41529226303100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4067460000514984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.35790562629699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3476564884185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.34271979331970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.3329709470272064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30924472212791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22404485940933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2003488838672638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.15150651335716248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0161-118291856759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118291856759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185196701","display_name":"Cryptologia","issn_l":"0161-1194","issn":["0161-1194","1558-1586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptologia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065387230","https://openalex.org/W2323937687","https://openalex.org/W648995381","https://openalex.org/W2141885522","https://openalex.org/W2776312268","https://openalex.org/W4246315097","https://openalex.org/W2975591548","https://openalex.org/W138286040","https://openalex.org/W3201599089","https://openalex.org/W2992748515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"was":[2],"presented":[3],"for":[4],"discussion":[5],"at":[6],"the":[7,68],"Baltimore-Washington":[8],"German":[9],"History":[10],"Seminar,":[11],"8":[12],"November":[13],"1980,":[14],"Towson":[15],"State":[16],"University,":[17],"Towson,":[18],"Maryland.":[19],"It":[20],"is":[21],"a":[22,27,64],"slightly":[23],"revised":[24],"form":[25],"of":[26,29,71],"portion":[28],"\u201cCodebreaking":[30],"in":[31],"World":[32],"Wars":[33],"I":[34],"and":[35,40,44],"II:":[36],"The":[37,47,58],"Major":[38],"Successes":[39],"Failures,":[41],"Their":[42,45],"Causes":[43],"Effects,\u201d":[46],"Historical":[48],"Journal,":[49],"23":[50],"(September,":[51],"1980),":[52],"617\u2013639,":[53],"which":[54],"lists":[55],"all":[56],"sources.":[57],"technical":[59],"reasons":[60],"given":[61],"below":[62],"owe":[63],"great":[65],"deal":[66],"to":[67],"kind":[69],"help":[70],"Dr.":[72],"Cipher":[73],"A.":[74],"Deavonrs.":[75]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
