{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2055654417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-117991853927","title":"LITTLEWOOD'S CIPHER PART I: A CHALLENGE.","display_name":"LITTLEWOOD'S CIPHER PART I: A CHALLENGE.","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2055654417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-117991853927","mag":"2055654417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0161-117991853927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-117991853927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185196701","display_name":"Cryptologia","issn_l":"0161-1194","issn":["0161-1194","1558-1586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101845000","display_name":"David A. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6031-9070"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101845000"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17276888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"120","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12170","display_name":"History and Theory of Mathematics","score":0.9592999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2614","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12170","display_name":"History and Theory of Mathematics","score":0.9592999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2614","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cipher","display_name":"Cipher","score":0.7449369430541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/running-key-cipher","display_name":"Running key cipher","score":0.6006150841712952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5105122327804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-square-cipher","display_name":"Two-square cipher","score":0.4566792845726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.42168670892715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3786390423774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.3353142738342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2842155992984772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.252469003200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.15664121508598328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681865","display_name":"Cipher","level":3,"score":0.7449369430541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64119674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7380031","display_name":"Running key cipher","level":4,"score":0.6006150841712952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5105122327804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60153865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124307","display_name":"Two-square cipher","level":5,"score":0.4566792845726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.42168670892715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3786390423774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3353142738342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2842155992984772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.252469003200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.15664121508598328}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0161-117991853927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-117991853927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185196701","display_name":"Cryptologia","issn_l":"0161-1194","issn":["0161-1194","1558-1586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptologia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W642550860","https://openalex.org/W3213204265","https://openalex.org/W4388743740","https://openalex.org/W2517293555","https://openalex.org/W2011030412","https://openalex.org/W2350007300","https://openalex.org/W3030685797","https://openalex.org/W2893079583","https://openalex.org/W2994547740","https://openalex.org/W2045370844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"eminent":[1],"British":[2],"mathematician":[3],"J.":[4],"E.":[5],"Littlewood":[6],"once":[7],"invented":[8],"a":[9],"cipher":[10],"that":[11],"he":[12],"claimed":[13],"was":[14],"unbreakable.":[15],"Here":[16],"I":[17],"dispute":[18],"this":[19],"claim.":[20]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}