{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032336182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110491892845","title":"MODEL Z: A NUMBERS-ONLY ENIGMA VERSION","display_name":"MODEL Z: A NUMBERS-ONLY ENIGMA VERSION","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032336182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110491892845","mag":"2032336182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0161-110491892845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110491892845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185196701","display_name":"Cryptologia","issn_l":"0161-1194","issn":["0161-1194","1558-1586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113636317","display_name":"A. Quirantes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arturo Quirantes","raw_affiliation_strings":["\n                   \n                C/Torre Hidalgos 1, 1\u00b0 B. 18004 Granada SPAIN. aquiran@ugr.es"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\n                   \n                C/Torre Hidalgos 1, 1\u00b0 B. 18004 Granada SPAIN. aquiran@ugr.es","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113636317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4875,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88215402,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"2","first_page":"153","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.753984808921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ministry-of-foreign-affairs","display_name":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs","score":0.6468018889427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5780379176139832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christian-ministry","display_name":"Christian ministry","score":0.5239503383636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-war-ii","display_name":"World War II","score":0.472852498292923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3511081337928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3338889479637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2933497428894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.22702288627624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21031692624092102}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.753984808921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20901295","display_name":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs","level":2,"score":0.6468018889427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5780379176139832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521751864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729207","display_name":"Christian ministry","level":2,"score":0.5239503383636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137355542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362","display_name":"World War II","level":2,"score":0.472852498292923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3511081337928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3338889479637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2933497428894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.22702288627624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21031692624092102}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0161-110491892845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110491892845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185196701","display_name":"Cryptologia","issn_l":"0161-1194","issn":["0161-1194","1558-1586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptologia","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985978006"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2330033385","https://openalex.org/W2333921428","https://openalex.org/W182432352","https://openalex.org/W2330074134","https://openalex.org/W2323453316","https://openalex.org/W1990589763","https://openalex.org/W2323905228","https://openalex.org/W2328773836","https://openalex.org/W4280556398","https://openalex.org/W2501151448"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1],"review":[2],"of":[3,23],"pre-WWII":[4],"documents":[5],"in":[6],"the":[7,34],"Spanish":[8],"Foreign":[9],"Affairs":[10],"Ministry":[11],"has":[12],"discovered":[13],"a":[14],"hitherto":[15],"unknown":[16,32],"Enigma":[17,35,42],"modification,":[18],"called":[19],"\u201cModel":[20],"Z\u201d,":[21],"capable":[22],"encrypting":[24],"numbers":[25],"only.":[26],"This":[27],"model":[28],"seems":[29],"to":[30,33],"be":[31],"community.":[36],"The":[37],"few":[38],"known":[39],"details":[40],"concerning":[41],"Z":[43],"are":[44],"here":[45],"outlined.":[46],"Keywords:":[47],"Encryption":[48],"machineEnigmaModel":[49],"ZSpain.":[50]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}