{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088891005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2020.1806741","title":"Probabilistic double hierarchy linguistic term set and its use in designing an improved VIKOR method: The application in smart healthcare","display_name":"Probabilistic double hierarchy linguistic term set and its use in designing an improved VIKOR method: The application in smart healthcare","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088891005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2020.1806741","mag":"3088891005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01605682.2020.1806741","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2020.1806741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033987237","display_name":"Xunjie Gou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1963-0451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095677","display_name":"Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra","ror":"https://ror.org/00v0g9w49","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210095677"]}],"countries":["CN","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xunjie Gou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain","Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1963-0451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897","https://openalex.org/I4210095677"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437308","display_name":"Zeshui Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-2908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767678","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02169wb20","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4391767678"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zeshui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4391767678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038996322","display_name":"Huchang Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8278-3384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095677","display_name":"Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra","ror":"https://ror.org/00v0g9w49","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210095677"]}],"countries":["CN","ES","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huchang Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain","Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8278-3384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897","https://openalex.org/I4210095677"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045016749","display_name":"Francisco Herrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-312X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095677","display_name":"Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra","ror":"https://ror.org/00v0g9w49","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210095677"]}],"countries":["ES","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Herrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain","Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897","https://openalex.org/I4210095677"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100437308"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4391767678"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.7897,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":205,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99576241,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"12","first_page":"2611","last_page":"2630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9549999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9017000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.7415280342102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.6261761784553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.617302417755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6086106300354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.5547088384628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-management","display_name":"Project management","score":0.5422038435935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5322890877723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vikor-method","display_name":"VIKOR method","score":0.43077489733695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.42688801884651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purchasing","display_name":"Purchasing","score":0.4223948121070862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.2948869466781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28426507115364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19562196731567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.17083722352981567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.15998244285583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.15715578198432922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.7415280342102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.6261761784553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.617302417755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6086106300354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.5547088384628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15952604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179012","display_name":"Project management","level":2,"score":0.5422038435935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5322890877723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172438850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7907019","display_name":"VIKOR method","level":3,"score":0.43077489733695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.42688801884651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.4223948121070862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.2948869466781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28426507115364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19562196731567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.17083722352981567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.15998244285583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15715578198432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01605682.2020.1806741","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2020.1806741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:tjorxx:v:72:y:2021:i:12:p:2611-2630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01605682.2020.1806741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W316442920","https://openalex.org/W1978062397","https://openalex.org/W1983056007","https://openalex.org/W1984880160","https://openalex.org/W2053190248","https://openalex.org/W2057178439","https://openalex.org/W2060093109","https://openalex.org/W2062352770","https://openalex.org/W2062470805","https://openalex.org/W2065109455","https://openalex.org/W2067442047","https://openalex.org/W2071657601","https://openalex.org/W2080967664","https://openalex.org/W2117759566","https://openalex.org/W2117827905","https://openalex.org/W2154525907","https://openalex.org/W2228571245","https://openalex.org/W2279074054","https://openalex.org/W2409575000","https://openalex.org/W2474884296","https://openalex.org/W2477719344","https://openalex.org/W2494898907","https://openalex.org/W2507975617","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2592492586","https://openalex.org/W2593995542","https://openalex.org/W2607255040","https://openalex.org/W2615933734","https://openalex.org/W2621230218","https://openalex.org/W2658730089","https://openalex.org/W2734760610","https://openalex.org/W2746791943","https://openalex.org/W2751392469","https://openalex.org/W2752943258","https://openalex.org/W2753862205","https://openalex.org/W2754194108","https://openalex.org/W2755349234","https://openalex.org/W2770978345","https://openalex.org/W2781118385","https://openalex.org/W2783063799","https://openalex.org/W2794812004","https://openalex.org/W2803497498","https://openalex.org/W2804025174","https://openalex.org/W2806437363","https://openalex.org/W2810536286","https://openalex.org/W2867334883","https://openalex.org/W2887518336","https://openalex.org/W2896890561","https://openalex.org/W2898278959","https://openalex.org/W2902485067","https://openalex.org/W2904545785","https://openalex.org/W2911591129","https://openalex.org/W2922272799","https://openalex.org/W2923464305","https://openalex.org/W2923806380","https://openalex.org/W2925827085","https://openalex.org/W2941255255","https://openalex.org/W2942223277","https://openalex.org/W2947090112","https://openalex.org/W2969439579","https://openalex.org/W2980128899","https://openalex.org/W2980617023","https://openalex.org/W2981535510","https://openalex.org/W3008231908","https://openalex.org/W3009690107","https://openalex.org/W3035108088","https://openalex.org/W3099734773","https://openalex.org/W4245152641","https://openalex.org/W4251881265","https://openalex.org/W6792877602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2028126006","https://openalex.org/W2053190248","https://openalex.org/W4387262258","https://openalex.org/W2473795031","https://openalex.org/W2281619998","https://openalex.org/W2942127108","https://openalex.org/W4401090228","https://openalex.org/W2351217280","https://openalex.org/W3000416615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Double":[0],"hierarchy":[1,19,41,98,138],"hesitant":[2,42],"fuzzy":[3,43],"linguistic":[4,14,20,25,44,99,139],"term":[5,21,100],"set":[6,101],"(DHHFLTS)":[7],"can":[8],"be":[9,35],"used":[10],"to":[11,104,121,162],"express":[12],"complex":[13],"information":[15,32,77],"by":[16,37,66,142,159],"combining":[17],"two":[18,124],"sets":[22],"with":[23,50],"2-tuple":[24],"structures.":[26],"In":[27],"decision-making":[28,168],"processes,":[29],"experts\u2019":[30,68],"assessment":[31],"may":[33],"often":[34],"represented":[36],"some":[38,48,106,176],"possible":[39,183],"double":[40,97,137],"elements":[45],"(DHHFLEs)":[46],"or":[47,64],"DHHFLEs":[49],"probability":[51,76,128],"information,":[52],"and":[53,82,91,110,151],"we":[54,71,116,174],"cannot":[55],"ignore":[56],"these":[57],"probabilities":[58],"when":[59],"they":[60],"are":[61,72,157],"directly":[62],"provided":[63],"aggregated":[65],"the":[67,144,149,154],"assessments.":[69],"As":[70],"aware":[73],"that":[74,123],"representing":[75],"is":[78],"a":[79,89,111,164],"new":[80],"improvement":[81],"challenge":[83],"for":[84,185],"DHHFLTSs,":[85],"this":[86,131],"paper":[87,132],"defines":[88],"novel":[90],"more":[92,107],"general":[93],"concept":[94],"named":[95],"probabilistic":[96,136],"(PDHLTS).":[102],"Then,":[103],"propose":[105],"reasonable":[108],"operations":[109],"distance":[112],"measure":[113],"of":[114,153],"PDHLTSs,":[115],"develop":[117],"an":[118,134],"adjustment":[119],"method":[120,141,156],"ensure":[122],"PDHLTSs":[125],"have":[126],"same":[127],"distribution.":[129],"Additionally,":[130],"develops":[133],"extended":[135],"VIKOR":[140,146],"improving":[143],"traditional":[145],"method.":[147],"Moreover,":[148],"advantages":[150],"practicality":[152],"proposed":[155],"demonstrated":[158],"applying":[160],"it":[161],"solve":[163],"practical":[165],"multiple":[166],"criteria":[167],"problem":[169],"involving":[170],"smart":[171],"healthcare.":[172],"Finally,":[173],"make":[175],"comparative":[177],"analyses,":[178],"as":[179,181],"well":[180],"discussing":[182],"directions":[184],"future":[186],"studies.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
