{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046694592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2020.1779624","title":"Integrating machine learning and decision support in tactical decision-making in rugby union","display_name":"Integrating machine learning and decision support in tactical decision-making in rugby union","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046694592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2020.1779624","mag":"3046694592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01605682.2020.1779624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2020.1779624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024297653","display_name":"Neil Watson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5619-2732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neil Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5619-2732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048228210","display_name":"Sharief Hendricks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3416-6266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84027002","display_name":"Leeds Beckett University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xsh5r57","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84027002"]}],"countries":["GB","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharief Hendricks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK","Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3416-6266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84027002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085350278","display_name":"Theodor J. Stewart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-5955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodor Stewart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070918521","display_name":"Ian Durbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-2153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","display_name":"University of St Andrews","ror":"https://ror.org/02wn5qz54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}],"countries":["GB","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Durbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, Saint Andrews, UK","Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-2153","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, Saint Andrews, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024297653"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.806,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96585139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"10","first_page":"2274","last_page":"2285"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11918","display_name":"Forecasting Techniques and Applications","score":0.9627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9585999846458435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.7299832105636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.680411159992218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5719293355941772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5207783579826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5112819671630859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.4731004238128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.44076472520828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1416112780570984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.7299832105636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.680411159992218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5719293355941772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5207783579826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5112819671630859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.4731004238128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.44076472520828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1416112780570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01605682.2020.1779624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2020.1779624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:tjorxx:v:72:y:2021:i:10:p:2274-2285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01605682.2020.1779624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330061","display_name":"Department of Higher Education and Training","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122399134","https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W592053108","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1955575884","https://openalex.org/W1970092758","https://openalex.org/W1981832346","https://openalex.org/W1985267424","https://openalex.org/W1989351895","https://openalex.org/W2000641999","https://openalex.org/W2036919078","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2072281943","https://openalex.org/W2089787974","https://openalex.org/W2106479238","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2141752002","https://openalex.org/W2158439885","https://openalex.org/W2228216509","https://openalex.org/W2229787494","https://openalex.org/W2287065228","https://openalex.org/W2295330467","https://openalex.org/W2398558995","https://openalex.org/W2412025148","https://openalex.org/W2522545182","https://openalex.org/W2567289819","https://openalex.org/W2578010967","https://openalex.org/W2603007109","https://openalex.org/W2605385051","https://openalex.org/W2619662311","https://openalex.org/W2750444890","https://openalex.org/W2760845538","https://openalex.org/W2768907509","https://openalex.org/W2799042347","https://openalex.org/W2804168701","https://openalex.org/W2954578662","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2973314906","https://openalex.org/W3037049426","https://openalex.org/W3098363914","https://openalex.org/W3123979837","https://openalex.org/W4233484930","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2913146933","https://openalex.org/W2372385138","https://openalex.org/W4296359239","https://openalex.org/W1557905920","https://openalex.org/W2043093291","https://openalex.org/W2101155126"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rugby":[0],"union,":[1],"like":[2],"many":[3],"sports,":[4],"is":[5,15],"based":[6,49],"around":[7],"sequences":[8,46],"of":[9,45,47,54,152],"play,":[10,48],"yet":[11],"this":[12],"sequential":[13,100],"nature":[14],"often":[16],"overlooked,":[17],"for":[18,99,112],"example":[19],"in":[20,35],"analyses":[21,140],"that":[22,131],"aggregate":[23],"performance":[24,94],"measures":[25],"over":[26,109],"a":[27,75,82],"fixed":[28],"time":[29],"interval.":[30],"We":[31,84,115,129],"use":[32],"recent":[33],"developments":[34],"convolutional":[36],"and":[37,58,77,91,102],"recurrent":[38],"neural":[39,88],"networks":[40],"to":[41,127,144],"predict":[42],"the":[43,51,61,110,149,154],"outcomes":[44,67],"on":[50,60],"ordered":[52],"sequence":[53],"actions":[55,64],"they":[56],"contain":[57],"where":[59],"field":[62,104],"these":[63,119],"occur.":[65],"The":[66],"considered":[68],"are":[69],"gaining":[70],"territory,":[71],"retaining":[72],"possession,":[73],"scoring":[74],"try,":[76],"being":[78],"awarded":[79],"or":[80],"conceding":[81],"penalty.":[83],"consider":[85],"several":[86],"artificial":[87],"network":[89],"architectures":[90],"compare":[92],"their":[93],"against":[95],"baseline":[96,111],"models.":[97],"Accounting":[98],"data":[101,142],"using":[103],"location":[105],"improved":[106],"classification":[107],"accuracy":[108],"some":[113],"outcomes.":[114],"then":[116],"investigate":[117,145],"how":[118],"prediction":[120],"models":[121],"can":[122,134],"provide":[123],"tactical":[124,132],"decision":[125],"support":[126],"coaches.":[128],"demonstrate":[130],"insight":[133],"be":[135],"gained":[136],"by":[137],"conducting":[138],"scenario":[139],"with":[141],"visualisations":[143],"which":[146],"strategies":[147],"yield":[148],"highest":[150],"probability":[151],"achieving":[153],"desired":[155],"outcome.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}