{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2793356174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2018.1438763","title":"Defence and attack of complex interdependent systems","display_name":"Defence and attack of complex interdependent systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2793356174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2018.1438763","mag":"2793356174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01605682.2018.1438763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2018.1438763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059935218","display_name":"Kjell Hausken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7319-3876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92008406","display_name":"University of Stavanger","ror":"https://ror.org/02qte9q33","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92008406"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kjell Hausken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92008406"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059935218"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92008406"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1923,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93470749,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"3","first_page":"364","last_page":"376"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11864","display_name":"Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management","score":0.9724000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contest","display_name":"CONTEST","score":0.8839303255081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.8836144208908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.493946373462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.43732547760009766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.40717846155166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.40288046002388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.39477047324180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3692726492881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.32222747802734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21089309453964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.08887714147567749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777582232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013414","display_name":"CONTEST","level":2,"score":0.8839303255081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.8836144208908081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.493946373462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43732547760009766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.40717846155166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.40288046002388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.39477047324180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3692726492881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32222747802734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21089309453964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.08887714147567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01605682.2018.1438763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2018.1438763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:tjorxx:v:70:y:2019:i:3:p:364-376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01605682.2018.1438763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306110","display_name":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security","ror":"https://ror.org/00jyr0d86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117655037","https://openalex.org/W170486074","https://openalex.org/W586494090","https://openalex.org/W780910710","https://openalex.org/W1480482130","https://openalex.org/W1570748508","https://openalex.org/W1586272241","https://openalex.org/W1608382992","https://openalex.org/W1876163459","https://openalex.org/W1894611935","https://openalex.org/W1903446332","https://openalex.org/W1964408286","https://openalex.org/W1968274760","https://openalex.org/W1969872310","https://openalex.org/W1970424555","https://openalex.org/W1979321728","https://openalex.org/W1987824485","https://openalex.org/W1996704277","https://openalex.org/W1997968250","https://openalex.org/W2006017959","https://openalex.org/W2012468017","https://openalex.org/W2023143558","https://openalex.org/W2030490025","https://openalex.org/W2034639110","https://openalex.org/W2039366627","https://openalex.org/W2042562662","https://openalex.org/W2048784078","https://openalex.org/W2059482982","https://openalex.org/W2067798573","https://openalex.org/W2075988797","https://openalex.org/W2077698107","https://openalex.org/W2083592025","https://openalex.org/W2086238455","https://openalex.org/W2086997850","https://openalex.org/W2089805118","https://openalex.org/W2089974433","https://openalex.org/W2103682576","https://openalex.org/W2106895989","https://openalex.org/W2107602771","https://openalex.org/W2111373931","https://openalex.org/W2111566346","https://openalex.org/W2138513073","https://openalex.org/W2140443131","https://openalex.org/W2141671315","https://openalex.org/W2155480719","https://openalex.org/W2170531709","https://openalex.org/W2326564807","https://openalex.org/W2467898204","https://openalex.org/W2526955271","https://openalex.org/W2546360772","https://openalex.org/W2796644558","https://openalex.org/W3105388512","https://openalex.org/W3122498759","https://openalex.org/W3123512697","https://openalex.org/W4236258233","https://openalex.org/W4236841844","https://openalex.org/W4244152462","https://openalex.org/W4250744658","https://openalex.org/W4292230443","https://openalex.org/W4397012138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946214509","https://openalex.org/W2735088306","https://openalex.org/W4286740636","https://openalex.org/W2628063975","https://openalex.org/W2356479129","https://openalex.org/W2387346515","https://openalex.org/W2352196451","https://openalex.org/W2590086693","https://openalex.org/W3121756566","https://openalex.org/W2381260192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"defender":[1,93],"defends":[2],"and":[3,17,54,113,125,143,146,152],"an":[4],"attacker":[5,82],"attacks":[6],"each":[7,27,30],"of":[8],"n":[9],"interdependent":[10,79,124],"targets":[11,61,65,91],"which":[12],"can":[13],"operate":[14],"or":[15],"fail":[16],"be":[18],"in":[19,43,121],"2n":[20],"possible":[21],"states.":[22],"Interdependence":[23],"is":[24],"modelled":[25],"from":[26,59],"target":[28,52,107],"to":[29,62,69,131],"other":[31,64],"target.":[32],"Despite":[33],"such":[34],"systems":[35],"usually":[36],"being":[37],"analysed":[38],"numerically,":[39],"this":[40],"paper":[41],"succeeds":[42],"determining":[44],"analytical":[45],"solutions,":[46],"accounting":[47],"for":[48,89],"unit":[49],"effort":[50],"costs,":[51],"values,":[53],"contest":[55,108],"intensities.":[56],"Increasing":[57],"interdependence":[58,138],"some":[60,63],"induce":[66],"both":[67,122],"players":[68,118],"exert":[70],"higher":[71,111],"efforts":[72,112],"into":[73],"the":[74,81,92,99,129,132],"former":[75],"targets.":[76,101],"For":[77,102],"100%":[78,123],"targets,":[80],"encounters":[83,94],"a":[84,95],"substitution":[85,96],"effect.":[86],"In":[87],"contrast,":[88],"independent":[90,126],"effect,":[97],"defending":[98],"essential":[100],"similarly":[103],"advantaged":[104],"players,":[105],"increased":[106],"intensities":[109],"cause":[110],"lower":[114],"expected":[115,153],"utilities.":[116,154],"Both":[117],"may":[119],"withdraw":[120],"systems.":[127],"Applying":[128],"model":[130],"US":[133],"economy,":[134],"we":[135],"illustrate":[136],"how":[137],"between":[139],"petroleum":[140],"refineries,":[141],"oil":[142],"gas":[144],"extraction":[145],"air":[147],"transportation":[148],"impact":[149],"defence,":[150],"attack":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
