{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407156101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2025.2457563","title":"You look so young, you look so cute. The relationship between physical appearance, age and mental abilities in social robots","display_name":"You look so young, you look so cute. The relationship between physical appearance, age and mental abilities in social robots","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407156101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2025.2457563"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0144929x.2025.2457563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2025.2457563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123849098","display_name":"Behaviour and Information Technology","issn_l":"0144-929X","issn":["0144-929X","1362-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behaviour & Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061532618","display_name":"Stefano Guidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8304-8680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Guidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siena"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8304-8680","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siena","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078491500","display_name":"Margherita Bracci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4841-5630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margherita Bracci","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siena"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siena","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000409673","display_name":"Francesco Curr\u00f2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2259-529X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Curr\u00f2","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siena"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siena","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090259738","display_name":"Alessandro Innocenti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4550-4643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Innocenti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siena"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siena","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037389944","display_name":"Luca Lusuardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4217-5768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Lusuardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siena"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siena","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062676390","display_name":"Enrica Marchigiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-7597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrica Marchigiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siena"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siena","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020107041","display_name":"Paola Palmitesta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4505-3985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paola Palmitesta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siena"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siena","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070965539","display_name":"Matteo Sirizzotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2738-4109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Sirizzotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siena"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siena","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040621090","display_name":"Oronzo Parlangeli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2040-3507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oronzo Parlangeli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siena"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siena","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061532618"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.9561,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98049023,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"6","first_page":"1136","last_page":"1145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9638000130653381,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.621070146560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.45957207679748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.43791693449020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3340102434158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2524983286857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1945887804031372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.621070146560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.45957207679748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.43791693449020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3340102434158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2524983286857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1945887804031372}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0144929x.2025.2457563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2025.2457563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123849098","display_name":"Behaviour and Information Technology","issn_l":"0144-929X","issn":["0144-929X","1362-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behaviour & Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:tbitxx:v:44:y:2025:i:6:p:1136-1145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144929X.2025.2457563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:usiena-air.unisi.it:11365/1303275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0144929X.2025.2457563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196319","display_name":"Use Siena air (University of Siena)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","host_organization_name":"University of Siena","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313975","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W183534788","https://openalex.org/W1498101430","https://openalex.org/W1990114866","https://openalex.org/W2009124912","https://openalex.org/W2029732049","https://openalex.org/W2072851685","https://openalex.org/W2095622232","https://openalex.org/W2100827418","https://openalex.org/W2115040353","https://openalex.org/W2129928382","https://openalex.org/W2131227926","https://openalex.org/W2169634494","https://openalex.org/W2187614605","https://openalex.org/W2264103139","https://openalex.org/W2338762795","https://openalex.org/W2572190574","https://openalex.org/W2750061478","https://openalex.org/W2766931555","https://openalex.org/W2794343903","https://openalex.org/W2795642547","https://openalex.org/W2801627976","https://openalex.org/W2920631172","https://openalex.org/W2927178415","https://openalex.org/W2932564453","https://openalex.org/W2959902542","https://openalex.org/W2960118633","https://openalex.org/W2978528610","https://openalex.org/W2990308670","https://openalex.org/W3042066399","https://openalex.org/W3081302096","https://openalex.org/W3084929246","https://openalex.org/W3093757034","https://openalex.org/W3115247612","https://openalex.org/W3119676664","https://openalex.org/W3150639857","https://openalex.org/W3170294864","https://openalex.org/W3175637590","https://openalex.org/W3182684402","https://openalex.org/W3205413005","https://openalex.org/W4200312531","https://openalex.org/W4200529785","https://openalex.org/W4224000772","https://openalex.org/W4235100369","https://openalex.org/W4280549083","https://openalex.org/W4288039039","https://openalex.org/W4310379521","https://openalex.org/W4312337795","https://openalex.org/W4312946015","https://openalex.org/W4317418717","https://openalex.org/W4323045833","https://openalex.org/W4327698996","https://openalex.org/W4368377458","https://openalex.org/W4378805745","https://openalex.org/W4388623416","https://openalex.org/W4389731431","https://openalex.org/W4389795852","https://openalex.org/W4392646230","https://openalex.org/W4393903454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2931662336","https://openalex.org/W2077865380","https://openalex.org/W3006817050","https://openalex.org/W4401768695","https://openalex.org/W2765597752","https://openalex.org/W2134894512","https://openalex.org/W2083375246","https://openalex.org/W2067108088"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,59],"study":[1],"analyses":[2],"differences":[3],"in":[4,18,63,106,128,168],"the":[5,77,80,83,91,100,129,133,136,156,169],"perceived":[6,151,164],"age,":[7],"cuteness":[8],"and":[9,30,96,119,155],"mental":[10],"abilities":[11],"of":[12,42,56,79,132,138,166],"robots":[13,134,179],"displayed":[14],"as":[15,26,184],"3D":[16],"models":[17],"a":[19,50,53,64,107],"VR":[20,69],"setting,":[21],"manipulating":[22],"anthropomorphic":[23],"variables":[24],"such":[25,183],"height,":[27],"head":[28],"dimension,":[29],"limb":[31],"length.":[32],"Participants":[33],"(N":[34],"=":[35],"122)":[36],"were":[37],"randomly":[38],"assigned":[39],"to":[40,74,104,113,121,152,162],"one":[41],"four":[43],"experimental":[44],"conditions":[45],"where":[46],"they":[47,102],"interacted":[48],"with":[49,52,144],"robot":[51,92,143],"different":[54],"combination":[55],"physical":[57,130],"dimensions.":[58],"interactions":[60],"took":[61],"place":[62],"CAVE":[65,84],"\u2013":[66],"an":[67,145],"immersive":[68],"room,":[70],"which":[71],"allowed":[72],"participants":[73,88],"directly":[75],"perceive":[76],"dimensions":[78],"robot.":[81,170],"In":[82],"we":[85],"collected":[86],"from":[87],"impressions":[89],"about":[90,116],"using":[93],"Likert":[94],"scales":[95],"numeric":[97],"input.":[98],"After":[99],"interaction,":[101],"had":[103],"fill":[105],"post-test":[108],"questionnaire":[109],"measuring":[110],"their":[111,139],"tendency":[112,157],"anthropomorphism,":[114],"literacy":[115],"Artificial":[117],"Intelligence,":[118],"sensitivity":[120],"cute":[122],"stimuli.":[123],"Results":[124,171],"show":[125],"that":[126],"changes":[127],"appearance":[131],"affect":[135],"perception":[137],"age.":[140],"A":[141],"small":[142],"increased":[146],"head-to-body":[147],"ratio":[148],"is":[149,160],"also":[150],"be":[153,174],"cuter,":[154],"towards":[158],"anthropomorphism":[159],"related":[161],"higher":[163],"levels":[165],"experience":[167],"thus":[172],"may":[173],"considered":[175],"relevant":[176],"when":[177],"developing":[178],"for":[180],"specific":[181],"functions,":[182],"serving":[185],"adults":[186],"or":[187,191],"children":[188],"activities,":[189],"studies,":[190],"work.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}