{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229018792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2022.2069597","title":"User-centred multimodal authentication: securing handheld mobile devices using gaze and touch input","display_name":"User-centred multimodal authentication: securing handheld mobile devices using gaze and touch input","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229018792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2022.2069597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0144929x.2022.2069597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2022.2069597","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2069597?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123849098","display_name":"Behaviour and Information Technology","issn_l":"0144-929X","issn":["0144-929X","1362-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behaviour & Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2069597?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001935352","display_name":"Mohamed Khamis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-5200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Khamis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087905953","display_name":"Karola Marky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7129-9642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karola Marky","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073661463","display_name":"Andreas Bulling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6317-7303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Bulling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Visualization and Interactive Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054117094","display_name":"Florian Alt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-2195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40527276","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05kkv3f82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315109972","https://openalex.org/I40527276","https://openalex.org/I4387152969"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Alt","raw_affiliation_strings":["CODE Research Institute for Cyber Defence, Bundeswehr University Munich, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CODE Research Institute for Cyber Defence, Bundeswehr University Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40527276"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001935352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5038,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93487673,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"10","first_page":"2061","last_page":"2083"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.8115205764770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.7287060618400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6689425706863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6009448766708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip-authentication-program","display_name":"Chip Authentication Program","score":0.5867485404014587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5730494856834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4761129319667816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.45055460929870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.4325759708881378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.3656192421913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightweight-extensible-authentication-protocol","display_name":"Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol","score":0.35753333568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.347087025642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.29578661918640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08844608068466187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.8115205764770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.7287060618400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6689425706863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6009448766708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142124187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5101471","display_name":"Chip Authentication Program","level":5,"score":0.5867485404014587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5730494856834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4761129319667816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.45055460929870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.4325759708881378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.3656192421913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167169670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824705","display_name":"Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol","level":4,"score":0.35753333568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.347087025642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.29578661918640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08844608068466187}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0144929x.2022.2069597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2022.2069597","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2069597?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123849098","display_name":"Behaviour and Information Technology","issn_l":"0144-929X","issn":["0144-929X","1362-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behaviour & Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:269613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:tbitxx:v:41:y:2022:i:10:p:2061-2083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2069597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0144929x.2022.2069597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2022.2069597","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2069597?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123849098","display_name":"Behaviour and Information Technology","issn_l":"0144-929X","issn":["0144-929X","1362-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behaviour & Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2338727396","display_name":"TAPS: Assessing, Mitigating and Raising Awareness of the Security and Privacy Risks of Thermal Imaging","funder_award_id":"EP/V008870/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G521268540","display_name":"PETRAS 2","funder_award_id":"EP/S035362/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5816251574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V008870/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G819722230","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#65040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320041","funder_display_name":"Royal Society of Edinburgh"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320041","display_name":"Royal Society of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/03kx2pj14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229018792.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229018792.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18405265","https://openalex.org/W1166357044","https://openalex.org/W1765423497","https://openalex.org/W1978247574","https://openalex.org/W1982771491","https://openalex.org/W1988463028","https://openalex.org/W2011150020","https://openalex.org/W2027859936","https://openalex.org/W2028688519","https://openalex.org/W2034250321","https://openalex.org/W2040686253","https://openalex.org/W2046616910","https://openalex.org/W2068548805","https://openalex.org/W2073947527","https://openalex.org/W2087862817","https://openalex.org/W2093595535","https://openalex.org/W2105121197","https://openalex.org/W2115034095","https://openalex.org/W2118115984","https://openalex.org/W2124982312","https://openalex.org/W2139094422","https://openalex.org/W2151027695","https://openalex.org/W2159837114","https://openalex.org/W2164087268","https://openalex.org/W2170568675","https://openalex.org/W2295634449","https://openalex.org/W2298610211","https://openalex.org/W2299270219","https://openalex.org/W2315247372","https://openalex.org/W2344381053","https://openalex.org/W2346630854","https://openalex.org/W2395297283","https://openalex.org/W2468114283","https://openalex.org/W2468759743","https://openalex.org/W2487484013","https://openalex.org/W2511036412","https://openalex.org/W2535970271","https://openalex.org/W2571732743","https://openalex.org/W2576625988","https://openalex.org/W2598992495","https://openalex.org/W2610295646","https://openalex.org/W2610695274","https://openalex.org/W2611149039","https://openalex.org/W2759738317","https://openalex.org/W2771667991","https://openalex.org/W2795439263","https://openalex.org/W2797773519","https://openalex.org/W2888656057","https://openalex.org/W2895405984","https://openalex.org/W2908463829","https://openalex.org/W2913759376","https://openalex.org/W2925198140","https://openalex.org/W3005837602","https://openalex.org/W3008085074","https://openalex.org/W3085838620","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3124751734","https://openalex.org/W3188197801","https://openalex.org/W6636759762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093798919","https://openalex.org/W2393298610","https://openalex.org/W2102741679","https://openalex.org/W2390304521","https://openalex.org/W4253316174","https://openalex.org/W2107692711","https://openalex.org/W2034419863","https://openalex.org/W2054202867","https://openalex.org/W2296396257","https://openalex.org/W2132505069"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Handheld":[0],"mobile":[1,32,128,151],"devices":[2,33],"store":[3],"a":[4,94,120],"plethora":[5],"of":[6,31,59,68,96,105,123,147],"sensitive":[7,26],"data,":[8],"such":[9],"as":[10,85,87],"private":[11],"emails,":[12],"personal":[13],"messages,":[14],"photos,":[15],"and":[16,49,76,89,111,145],"location":[17],"data.":[18,27],"Authentication":[19],"is":[20],"essential":[21],"to":[22,25,44,81,136],"protect":[23,56],"access":[24],"However,":[28],"the":[29,103,143],"majority":[30],"are":[34,42,79],"currently":[35],"secured":[36],"by":[37],"singlemodal":[38],"authentication":[39,54,73,109,125,149],"schemes":[40,55,64],"which":[41],"vulnerable":[43],"shoulder":[45,83],"surfing,":[46,84],"smudge":[47,88],"attacks,":[48,61],"thermal":[50,90],"attacks.":[51,91],"While":[52],"some":[53],"against":[57,114],"one":[58],"these":[60],"only":[62],"few":[63],"address":[65],"all":[66],"three":[67],"them.":[69],"We":[70,130],"propose":[71],"multimodal":[72,108,124],"where":[74,100],"touch":[75],"gaze":[77],"input":[78,139],"combined":[80],"resist":[82],"well":[86],"Based":[92],"on":[93,126,134,150],"series":[95],"previously":[97],"published":[98],"works":[99],"we":[101,118],"studied":[102],"usability":[104,144],"several":[106],"user-centred":[107],"designs":[110],"their":[112],"security":[113,146],"multiple":[115,138],"threat":[116],"models,":[117],"provide":[119],"comprehensive":[121],"overview":[122],"handheld":[127],"devices.":[129,152],"further":[131],"present":[132],"guidelines":[133],"how":[135],"leverage":[137],"modalities":[140],"for":[141],"enhancing":[142],"user":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}