{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207156937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2021.1984580","title":"Effect of educational robotic applications on students\u2019 cognitive outcomes","display_name":"Effect of educational robotic applications on students\u2019 cognitive outcomes","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207156937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2021.1984580","mag":"3207156937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0144929x.2021.1984580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2021.1984580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123849098","display_name":"Behaviour and Information Technology","issn_l":"0144-929X","issn":["0144-929X","1362-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behaviour & Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030304776","display_name":"Sevde Koca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8468-5718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70387731","display_name":"Amasya \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/00sbx0y13","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70387731"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sevde Koca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of science, Computer Education and Instructional Technology, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8468-5718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of science, Computer Education and Instructional Technology, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70387731"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077776799","display_name":"Recep \u00c7ak\u0131r","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2641-5007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70387731","display_name":"Amasya \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/00sbx0y13","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70387731"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Recep \u00c7akir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2641-5007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70387731"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077776799"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70387731"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7312,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77791641,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"15","first_page":"3329","last_page":"3345"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11370","display_name":"Mobile Learning in Education","score":0.9695000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9544000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-rotation","display_name":"Mental rotation","score":0.7107945680618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.6457624435424805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5972342491149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scratch","display_name":"Scratch","score":0.5826236605644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5702404379844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.549817681312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-ability","display_name":"Spatial ability","score":0.5370703339576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5217034220695496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-intelligence","display_name":"Spatial intelligence","score":0.49718979001045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4786982834339142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3735445737838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17404010891914368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.13587138056755066}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68867621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257360","display_name":"Mental rotation","level":3,"score":0.7107945680618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.6457624435424805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5972342491149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781235140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275131","display_name":"Scratch","level":2,"score":0.5826236605644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5702404379844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.549817681312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778662690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3125339","display_name":"Spatial ability","level":3,"score":0.5370703339576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5217034220695496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817354","display_name":"Spatial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.49718979001045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4786982834339142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3735445737838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17404010891914368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.13587138056755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0144929x.2021.1984580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2021.1984580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123849098","display_name":"Behaviour and Information Technology","issn_l":"0144-929X","issn":["0144-929X","1362-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behaviour & Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:tbitxx:v:41:y:2022:i:15:p:3329-3345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144929X.2021.1984580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W202431347","https://openalex.org/W633404043","https://openalex.org/W646352311","https://openalex.org/W658578143","https://openalex.org/W1489474868","https://openalex.org/W1541634262","https://openalex.org/W1574751439","https://openalex.org/W1606328991","https://openalex.org/W1637647716","https://openalex.org/W1701819757","https://openalex.org/W1761825657","https://openalex.org/W1967263650","https://openalex.org/W1968506029","https://openalex.org/W1975809751","https://openalex.org/W1985238003","https://openalex.org/W1988846147","https://openalex.org/W1995545761","https://openalex.org/W2003063822","https://openalex.org/W2003460713","https://openalex.org/W2026222769","https://openalex.org/W2029374995","https://openalex.org/W2046591722","https://openalex.org/W2047697290","https://openalex.org/W2052729098","https://openalex.org/W2084944215","https://openalex.org/W2085826099","https://openalex.org/W2086520925","https://openalex.org/W2097210817","https://openalex.org/W2100029531","https://openalex.org/W2108617669","https://openalex.org/W2114899428","https://openalex.org/W2117362154","https://openalex.org/W2127896807","https://openalex.org/W2138702649","https://openalex.org/W2147172449","https://openalex.org/W2152633549","https://openalex.org/W2165662378","https://openalex.org/W2168070356","https://openalex.org/W2171480822","https://openalex.org/W2172247010","https://openalex.org/W2258819915","https://openalex.org/W2283143537","https://openalex.org/W2328690893","https://openalex.org/W2343761914","https://openalex.org/W2463088651","https://openalex.org/W2482039620","https://openalex.org/W2501933020","https://openalex.org/W2579387234","https://openalex.org/W2585622368","https://openalex.org/W2604311846","https://openalex.org/W2607061081","https://openalex.org/W2624220448","https://openalex.org/W2736557616","https://openalex.org/W2767048845","https://openalex.org/W2782441487","https://openalex.org/W2788392415","https://openalex.org/W2789583928","https://openalex.org/W2792703968","https://openalex.org/W2805973179","https://openalex.org/W2897918352","https://openalex.org/W2914848451","https://openalex.org/W2916003448","https://openalex.org/W2962929087","https://openalex.org/W3033514576","https://openalex.org/W3036053622","https://openalex.org/W3134967991","https://openalex.org/W4233522785","https://openalex.org/W4403818764","https://openalex.org/W6679313112","https://openalex.org/W6679488378","https://openalex.org/W7043131111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2330838384","https://openalex.org/W2160906129","https://openalex.org/W2998684352","https://openalex.org/W2183204941","https://openalex.org/W1979663992","https://openalex.org/W2071106153","https://openalex.org/W2991222718","https://openalex.org/W3162762323","https://openalex.org/W1966461938","https://openalex.org/W2955195746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,53,75],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,10,45,126,141,152,161,179],"this":[3],"study":[4,31],"is":[5],"to":[6,196],"determine":[7],"the":[8,88,98,103,110,127,138,153,162,177],"effect":[9],"LEGO-based":[11,82,168],"educational":[12,93,169,193],"applications":[13,94,170],"on":[14,102,176],"students\u2019":[15],"academic":[16],"motivation,":[17],"reflective":[18,111,142,180],"thinking":[19,112,143,181],"skill":[20,113,144,182,189],"towards":[21,62,114,145,183],"problem":[22,115,146,184],"solving,":[23],"spatial":[24,123,149,187],"visualisation,":[25],"and":[26,71,122,148,186,202,207],"mental":[27,120],"rotation":[28,121],"comparatively.":[29],"This":[30],"adopts":[32],"a":[33,38,43,50,172],"quasi-experimental":[34],"research":[35],"design":[36],"with":[37,191],"control":[39,99,163],"group.":[40,100,164],"We":[41,165],"recruited":[42],"total":[44],"twenty-six":[46],"sixth":[47],"graders":[48],"from":[49],"private":[51],"school.":[52],"data":[54],"collection":[55],"instruments":[56],"were":[57,85,95],"Reflective":[58],"Thinking":[59],"Skill":[60],"Scale":[61],"Problem":[63],"Solving,":[64],"Academic":[65],"Motivation":[66],"Scale,":[67,70],"Spatial":[68],"Visualisation":[69],"Mental":[72],"Rotation":[73],"Scale.":[74],"experimental":[76,89,154],"process":[77],"lasted":[78],"for":[79,205],"four":[80],"weeks.":[81],"teaching":[83],"aids":[84],"employed":[86],"in":[87,97,109,129],"group,":[90],"whereas":[91],"Scratch-based":[92,192],"used":[96],"Based":[101],"findings,":[104,198],"there":[105],"was":[106],"an":[107],"increase":[108],"solving":[116,147,185],"as":[117,119],"well":[118],"visualisation":[124,150,188],"skills":[125,151],"students":[128,156],"both":[130],"groups.":[131],"However,":[132],"it":[133],"has":[134],"been":[135],"found":[136],"that":[137,167],"mean":[139],"scores":[140],"group":[155],"are":[157],"higher":[158],"than":[159],"those":[160],"conclude":[166],"have":[171],"more":[173],"positive":[174],"impact":[175],"development":[178],"compared":[190],"applications.":[194],"According":[195],"our":[197],"we":[199],"discuss":[200],"limitations":[201],"provide":[203],"recommendations":[204],"researchers":[206],"practitioners.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}