{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2770081621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2017.1397193","title":"How senior management and workplace norms influence information security attitudes and self-efficacy","display_name":"How senior management and workplace norms influence information security attitudes and self-efficacy","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2770081621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2017.1397193","mag":"2770081621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0144929x.2017.1397193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2017.1397193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123849098","display_name":"Behaviour and Information Technology","issn_l":"0144-929X","issn":["0144-929X","1362-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behaviour & Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007103568","display_name":"Suresh Cuganesan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9574-5499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Suresh Cuganesan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney Business School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney Business School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005827238","display_name":"Cara Steele","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86695891","display_name":"Australian Catholic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cxm4j25","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86695891"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cara Steele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86695891"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009904330","display_name":"Alison Hart","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alison Hart","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007103568"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5318,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9203018,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"1","first_page":"50","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.5916441679000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-efficacy","display_name":"Self-efficacy","score":0.5842982530593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.5468627214431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security-management","display_name":"Information security management","score":0.5214573740959167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.49064794182777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-planned-behavior","display_name":"Theory of planned behavior","score":0.48295873403549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","score":0.45593661069869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.4329814314842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.41965654492378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.38949054479599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.34439051151275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.33863139152526855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.24051842093467712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.14955902099609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09726041555404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-information-and-event-management","display_name":"Security information and event management","score":0.0968264639377594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.0845385491847992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.08008849620819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.07835471630096436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.5916441679000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110131835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153659","display_name":"Self-efficacy","level":2,"score":0.5842982530593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5468627214431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148976360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662500","display_name":"Information security management","level":5,"score":0.5214573740959167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.49064794182777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89785696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2290753","display_name":"Theory of planned behavior","level":3,"score":0.48295873403549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.45593661069869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4329814314842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.41965654492378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.38949054479599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34439051151275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.33863139152526855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24051842093467712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.14955902099609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09726041555404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.0968264639377594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.0845385491847992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08008849620819092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.07835471630096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0144929x.2017.1397193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2017.1397193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123849098","display_name":"Behaviour and Information Technology","issn_l":"0144-929X","issn":["0144-929X","1362-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behaviour & Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:tbitxx:v:37:y:2018:i:1:p:50-65","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144929X.2017.1397193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7591130626","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LP1101001228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119818611","https://openalex.org/W657411145","https://openalex.org/W1490774257","https://openalex.org/W1494714906","https://openalex.org/W1496783311","https://openalex.org/W1511583883","https://openalex.org/W1512488243","https://openalex.org/W1520714623","https://openalex.org/W1566168400","https://openalex.org/W1602619638","https://openalex.org/W1778323128","https://openalex.org/W1901676853","https://openalex.org/W1903013269","https://openalex.org/W1969641949","https://openalex.org/W1987258130","https://openalex.org/W1987381312","https://openalex.org/W1989528006","https://openalex.org/W1992342542","https://openalex.org/W1993957541","https://openalex.org/W2008556210","https://openalex.org/W2010453024","https://openalex.org/W2010902645","https://openalex.org/W2013587720","https://openalex.org/W2013770572","https://openalex.org/W2014134373","https://openalex.org/W2017609493","https://openalex.org/W2024419606","https://openalex.org/W2024488177","https://openalex.org/W2025451090","https://openalex.org/W2033213440","https://openalex.org/W2034257701","https://openalex.org/W2035981836","https://openalex.org/W2037069781","https://openalex.org/W2037124948","https://openalex.org/W2056847254","https://openalex.org/W2057181425","https://openalex.org/W2060771466","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2074907057","https://openalex.org/W2078076646","https://openalex.org/W2099222119","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2103530902","https://openalex.org/W2105992541","https://openalex.org/W2106096361","https://openalex.org/W2111072418","https://openalex.org/W2116323796","https://openalex.org/W2118965472","https://openalex.org/W2119587968","https://openalex.org/W2120314896","https://openalex.org/W2123144568","https://openalex.org/W2130892515","https://openalex.org/W2131997083","https://openalex.org/W2137960395","https://openalex.org/W2140930743","https://openalex.org/W2150659349","https://openalex.org/W2155327504","https://openalex.org/W2156438052","https://openalex.org/W2169281074","https://openalex.org/W2170899042","https://openalex.org/W2174850379","https://openalex.org/W2256804265","https://openalex.org/W2276368824","https://openalex.org/W2300663785","https://openalex.org/W2401989590","https://openalex.org/W2419134065","https://openalex.org/W2528365369","https://openalex.org/W2547074824","https://openalex.org/W2737603360","https://openalex.org/W2801387997","https://openalex.org/W3015634246","https://openalex.org/W3122877168","https://openalex.org/W3140593190","https://openalex.org/W4207014596","https://openalex.org/W4255876503","https://openalex.org/W4300870773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W143968899","https://openalex.org/W2508914475","https://openalex.org/W2120971814","https://openalex.org/W2777401565","https://openalex.org/W3154625549","https://openalex.org/W3159280571","https://openalex.org/W2934984010","https://openalex.org/W3085019747","https://openalex.org/W2248314326","https://openalex.org/W4247822198"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prior":[0],"information":[1,20,35,67,94,127,155,184],"security":[2,36,68,95,128,156],"research":[3,50,74,106],"establishes":[4],"the":[5,9,60,117,147,169,172],"need":[6],"to":[7,48,51,109],"investigate":[8,110],"informal":[10,23],"factors":[11],"that":[12,26,86,150,175],"influence":[13],"employee":[14,154],"attitudes":[15,69,129,157],"and":[16,41,66,70,99,102,126,130,158,164],"self-efficacy":[17,79,97,131,159],"beliefs":[18,98,160],"about":[19,34,183],"security.":[21,185],"Two":[22],"workplace":[24,42],"dynamics":[25],"are":[27,46],"particularly":[28],"important":[29,173],"for":[30],"how":[31,76],"employees":[32,139],"think":[33],"comprise":[37],"senior":[38,63,120,176],"management":[39,64,121,177],"support":[40,65,178],"norms.":[43],"However,":[44],"there":[45],"limitations":[47],"empirical":[49,105],"date":[52],"on":[53,59,75,153,180],"these":[54,111],"constructs,":[55],"including":[56,161],"conflicting":[57],"evidence":[58],"relationship":[61],"between":[62,93,119],"a":[71,90,135,141],"lack":[72],"of":[73,138],"norms":[77,87,151],"impact":[78],"beliefs.":[80,132],"Also,":[81],"although":[82],"some":[83],"studies":[84],"suggest":[85],"might":[88],"play":[89],"mediating":[91,165],"role":[92,149,174],"attitudes,":[96],"their":[100,162],"(informal":[101],"formal)":[103],"antecedents,":[104],"is":[107],"yet":[108],"possibilities.":[112],"Consequently,":[113],"this":[114],"study":[115,170],"considers":[116],"relationships":[118],"support,":[122],"norms,":[123],"formal":[124],"controls":[125],"It":[133],"comprises":[134],"cross-sectional":[136],"survey":[137],"at":[140],"law":[142],"enforcement":[143],"organisation.":[144],"Results":[145],"indicate":[146],"central":[148],"have":[152],"direct":[163],"role.":[166],"In":[167],"addition,":[168],"highlights":[171],"has":[179],"employees\u2019":[181],"thinking":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}