{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091831834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290310001648260","title":"Reading vertical text from a computer screen","display_name":"Reading vertical text from a computer screen","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091831834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290310001648260","mag":"2091831834"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01449290310001648260","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290310001648260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123849098","display_name":"Behaviour and Information Technology","issn_l":"0144-929X","issn":["0144-929X","1362-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behaviour &amp; Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053520664","display_name":"Jari Laarni","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Laarni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research , Helsinki School of Economics , Helsinki, Finland E-mail: laarni@hkkk.fi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research , Helsinki School of Economics , Helsinki, Finland E-mail: laarni@hkkk.fi","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043509176","display_name":"Jaana Simola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8273-685X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Simola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research , Helsinki School of Economics , Helsinki, Finland E-mail: laarni@hkkk.fi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research , Helsinki School of Economics , Helsinki, Finland E-mail: laarni@hkkk.fi","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015252753","display_name":"Ilpo Kojo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I Kojo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research , Helsinki School of Economics , Helsinki, Finland E-mail: laarni@hkkk.fi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research , Helsinki School of Economics , Helsinki, Finland E-mail: laarni@hkkk.fi","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020081016","display_name":"Risto N\u00e4s\u00e4nen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801770344","display_name":"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health","ror":"https://ror.org/030wyr187","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801770344"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N\u00e4s\u00e4nen Risto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brainwork Laboratory , Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki, Finland","Brainwork Laboratory, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brainwork Laboratory , Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801770344"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brainwork Laboratory, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801770344"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8725,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74902267,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"75","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9164999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horizontal-and-vertical","display_name":"Horizontal and vertical","score":0.8307173252105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.7630022764205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5895358920097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.5418994426727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixation","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","score":0.5172668099403381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.5164871215820312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.40315189957618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.3089267611503601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2460530400276184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.17609941959381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.169418603181839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16357210278511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.10221821069717407}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59218005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027571","display_name":"Horizontal and vertical","level":2,"score":0.8307173252105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.7630022764205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5895358920097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.5418994426727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146249460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914991","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5172668099403381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.5164871215820312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.40315189957618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.3089267611503601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2460530400276184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.17609941959381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.169418603181839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16357210278511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.10221821069717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01449290310001648260","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290310001648260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123849098","display_name":"Behaviour and Information Technology","issn_l":"0144-929X","issn":["0144-929X","1362-3001"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behaviour &amp; Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23515158","https://openalex.org/W1518690500","https://openalex.org/W1553232380","https://openalex.org/W1913670219","https://openalex.org/W1964160274","https://openalex.org/W1964602001","https://openalex.org/W1968526811","https://openalex.org/W1983141030","https://openalex.org/W1987950896","https://openalex.org/W1995414029","https://openalex.org/W1998862017","https://openalex.org/W2013112874","https://openalex.org/W2013294264","https://openalex.org/W2015921687","https://openalex.org/W2027914611","https://openalex.org/W2032023701","https://openalex.org/W2050914136","https://openalex.org/W2071151102","https://openalex.org/W2081816191","https://openalex.org/W2091017619","https://openalex.org/W2092409509","https://openalex.org/W2101082575","https://openalex.org/W2109951815","https://openalex.org/W2143885952","https://openalex.org/W2156791170","https://openalex.org/W2160633266","https://openalex.org/W2321436355","https://openalex.org/W2324483023","https://openalex.org/W4247346575","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079577662","https://openalex.org/W2891498671","https://openalex.org/W1970967781","https://openalex.org/W2067543086","https://openalex.org/W3095090310","https://openalex.org/W124311513","https://openalex.org/W2048521314","https://openalex.org/W3169544012","https://openalex.org/W4386895392","https://openalex.org/W2775517610"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"Western":[1],"languages,":[2],"text":[3,15,37,47,113,132],"is":[4,133,140],"traditionally":[5],"presented":[6,38,112],"in":[7,63,76,137],"horizontal":[8,25,126],"lines.":[9],"However,":[10],"reading":[11,36,110,124],"of":[12,21,24,32,67,81],"vertically":[13,45,111,135],"arranged":[14,136],"might":[16],"be":[17,119],"more":[18],"efficient":[19,122],"because":[20],"the":[22,30,58,87,96,101,106,129],"elimination":[23],"eye":[26],"movements.":[27],"We":[28],"investigated":[29],"effect":[31],"vertical":[33,84,102],"arrangement":[34],"upon":[35],"on":[39],"a":[40,51,115,142],"computer":[41],"screen.":[42],"Even":[43],"though":[44],"aligned":[46,56],"was":[48,60],"read":[49],"at":[50],"slower":[52],"rate":[53],"than":[54,62,99],"horizontally":[55],"text,":[57],"difference":[59],"smaller":[61],"previous":[64],"studies.":[65],"Analysis":[66],"eye-movement":[68],"data":[69],"revealed":[70],"that":[71,109,131],"there":[72],"were":[73,93],"no":[74],"differences":[75],"fixation":[77,91],"numbers":[78,80],"and":[79,86],"regressions":[82],"between":[83],"formats":[85],"standard-text":[88,97],"format.":[89],"But":[90],"durations":[92],"shorter":[94],"for":[95,100],"format":[98],"formats.":[103],"Taken":[104],"together,":[105],"results":[107],"indicate":[108],"from":[114],"display":[116],"device":[117],"may":[118],"nearly":[120],"as":[121,123],"normal":[125],"text.":[127],"Therefore,":[128],"fact":[130],"normally":[134],"small-screen":[138],"devices":[139],"not":[141],"usability":[143],"problem.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
