{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093945915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.2020.1742207","title":"Ridge Regression: A Historical Context","display_name":"Ridge Regression: A Historical Context","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093945915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.2020.1742207","mag":"3093945915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00401706.2020.1742207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.2020.1742207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S985303","display_name":"Technometrics","issn_l":"0040-1706","issn":["0040-1706","1537-2723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078820133","display_name":"Roger W. Hoerl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0305-8676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177328695","display_name":"Union College","ror":"https://ror.org/058w5nk68","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177328695"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roger W. Hoerl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Union College","Department of Mathematics, Union College, Schenectady, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Union College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177328695"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Union College, Schenectady, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177328695"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078820133"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177328695"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9476,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97185293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"4","first_page":"420","last_page":"425"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12368","display_name":"Grey System Theory Applications","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ridge","display_name":"Ridge","score":0.7676177024841309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6655020713806152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.5854083299636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-net-regularization","display_name":"Elastic net regularization","score":0.5801602005958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5370129346847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lasso","display_name":"Lasso (programming language)","score":0.5282933712005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.43422651290893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.42164182662963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3713523745536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.3072360157966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28599977493286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2596094608306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21701973676681519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.1738910973072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.14162176847457886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32277403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740445","display_name":"Ridge","level":2,"score":0.7676177024841309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6655020713806152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.5854083299636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203868755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5353562","display_name":"Elastic net regularization","level":3,"score":0.5801602005958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5370129346847534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37616216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3218363","display_name":"Lasso (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5282933712005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.43422651290893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.42164182662963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3713523745536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3072360157966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28599977493286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2596094608306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21701973676681519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.1738910973072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.14162176847457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00401706.2020.1742207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.2020.1742207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S985303","display_name":"Technometrics","issn_l":"0040-1706","issn":["0040-1706","1537-2723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57051178","https://openalex.org/W1584444527","https://openalex.org/W1968226729","https://openalex.org/W1972351346","https://openalex.org/W2014725748","https://openalex.org/W2027648487","https://openalex.org/W2034562813","https://openalex.org/W2047028564","https://openalex.org/W2066796151","https://openalex.org/W2070094080","https://openalex.org/W2093754862","https://openalex.org/W2122825543","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2237440835","https://openalex.org/W2487770199","https://openalex.org/W2753635250","https://openalex.org/W2795474086","https://openalex.org/W2796766116","https://openalex.org/W2993459580","https://openalex.org/W3033983511","https://openalex.org/W3216067840","https://openalex.org/W4234698323","https://openalex.org/W4238943743","https://openalex.org/W4242186041","https://openalex.org/W4247210775","https://openalex.org/W4249242153","https://openalex.org/W4249363408","https://openalex.org/W4300945981"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2468272465","https://openalex.org/W2429564919","https://openalex.org/W757986597","https://openalex.org/W4212910148","https://openalex.org/W4213314600","https://openalex.org/W4210804200","https://openalex.org/W4399551893","https://openalex.org/W2954774635","https://openalex.org/W4392841950","https://openalex.org/W3123944750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"classical":[1],"articles":[2],"on":[3],"Ridge":[4,28,108,119],"Regression":[5,109],"by":[6,138],"Arthur":[7],"Hoerl":[8,92,155],"and":[9,25,30,51,93,96,147],"Robert":[10],"Kennard":[11],"were":[12,90],"published":[13],"in":[14,16,68,102,110],"Technometrics":[15],"1970,":[17],"making":[18],"2020":[19],"their":[20,143,148],"50th":[21],"anniversary.":[22],"The":[23,127],"theory":[24],"practice":[26],"of":[27,31,83,118,129],"Regression,":[29],"related":[32],"biased":[33],"shrinkage":[34,45],"estimators,":[35,46],"have":[36,55,63],"been":[37,76],"extensively":[38],"developed":[39],"over":[40],"the":[41,49,52,69,81,103,111,116,123,140],"years.":[42],"Further,":[43],"newer":[44,61],"such":[47],"as":[48],"Lasso":[50],"Elastic":[53],"Net,":[54],"become":[56],"popular":[57],"more":[58],"recently.":[59],"These":[60],"developments":[62],"led":[64,98],"to":[65,106,133,150],"renewed":[66],"interest":[67],"original":[70],"1970":[71,79],"articles.":[72,86],"What":[73,114],"has":[74],"perhaps":[75],"lost":[77],"since":[78],"is":[80,132,160],"context":[82,137],"these":[84],"classic":[85],"That":[87],"is,":[88],"who":[89],"Art":[91,154],"Bob":[94],"Kennard,":[95],"what":[97],"two":[99],"statisticians":[100],"working":[101],"private":[104],"sector":[105],"develop":[107],"first":[112],"place?":[113],"are":[115],"origins":[117],"Regression?":[120],"Where":[121],"did":[122],"name":[124],"come":[125],"from?":[126],"purpose":[128],"this":[130,135,159],"article":[131],"provide":[134],"historical":[136],"discussing":[139],"men":[141],"involved,":[142],"work":[144],"at":[145],"DuPont,":[146],"approach":[149],"methodological":[151],"development.":[152],"As":[153],"was":[156],"my":[157],"father,":[158],"admittedly":[161],"a":[162],"personal":[163],"viewpoint.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
