{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106817714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207729608929207","title":"Training of Elman networks and dynamic system modelling","display_name":"Training of Elman networks and dynamic system modelling","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106817714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207729608929207","mag":"2106817714"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00207729608929207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207729608929207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129640837","display_name":"International Journal of Systems Science","issn_l":"0020-7721","issn":["0020-7721","1464-5319"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Systems Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078859004","display_name":"Duc Truong Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3148-2404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97429440","display_name":"University of Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/01se4f844","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. T. PHAM","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Wales , Cardiff, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Wales , Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101848430","display_name":"Xiuwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-1799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97429440","display_name":"University of Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/01se4f844","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. LIU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Wales , Cardiff, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Wales , Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078859004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1045,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8370339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":"221","last_page":"226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13734","display_name":"Advanced Computational Techniques and Applications","score":0.9607999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14394","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Education Research","score":0.9559000134468079,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.8066123723983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6678707003593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6020056009292603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.5769786834716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5679323673248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5537258982658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5514602661132812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.5420812368392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5385653972625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5133382678031921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.45793417096138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3523908853530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13009610772132874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.8066123723983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6678707003593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6020056009292603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5769786834716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5679323673248291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5537258982658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5514602661132812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.5420812368392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5385653972625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5133382678031921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.45793417096138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3523908853530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13009610772132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00207729608929207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207729608929207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129640837","display_name":"International Journal of Systems Science","issn_l":"0020-7721","issn":["0020-7721","1464-5319"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Systems Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W149090081","https://openalex.org/W612593197","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2119777970","https://openalex.org/W2150355110","https://openalex.org/W3147653952","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4298069009","https://openalex.org/W4300402905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4239286941","https://openalex.org/W2088845016","https://openalex.org/W589102260","https://openalex.org/W1966421350","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W972276598","https://openalex.org/W4246352526"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"dynamic":[1,14,77,92],"backpropagation":[2,128],"(DBP)":[3],"algorithm":[4,26],"is":[5,37,47,61],"presented":[6],"to":[7,12,90,162],"train":[8],"the":[9,19,24,28,35,43,52,57,62,66,70,80,83,88,103,126,151,155,158],"Elman":[10,20,30,45,53,72,122,137,148,160],"network":[11,21,31,46,54,73,89],"model":[13,91,163],"systems.":[15],"The":[16,39,99],"relationship":[17],"between":[18],"trained":[22,55,124],"by":[23,34,56,125,135,146],"DBP":[25,58],"and":[27,86,111],"modified":[29,44,71,147],"previously":[32],"proposed":[33],"authors":[36],"clarified.":[38],"paper":[40,100,152],"shows":[41],"that":[42],"an":[48],"approximate":[49],"realization":[50],"of":[51,65,69,79,94,105,157],"algorithm.":[59],"It":[60],"self-feedback":[63],"links":[64],"context":[67],"units":[68],"which":[74],"provide":[75],"a":[76,107,112,164],"trace":[78],"gradients":[81],"in":[82,143],"parameter":[84],"space":[85],"enable":[87],"systems":[93],"orders":[95],"higher":[96],"than":[97],"one.":[98],"first":[101],"gives":[102],"results":[104],"modelling":[106],"second-order":[108],"linear":[109,114],"plant":[110,117],"third-order":[113],"plant.":[115],"Neither":[116],"could":[118],"be":[119],"modelled":[120,134],"using":[121],"networks":[123,138],"standard":[127],"algorithm,":[129],"but":[130],"both":[131],"were":[132],"successfully":[133],"DBP-trained":[136,159],"as":[139],"they":[140],"had":[141],"been":[142],"previous":[144],"studies":[145],"networks.":[149],"Finally,":[150],"reports":[153],"on":[154],"application":[156],"net":[161],"benchmark":[165],"nonlinear":[166],"process":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
