{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2537488281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.1246763","title":"The construction and application of Six Sigma quality indices","display_name":"The construction and application of Six Sigma quality indices","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2537488281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.1246763","mag":"2537488281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00207543.2016.1246763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.1246763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65690446","display_name":"International Journal of Production Research","issn_l":"0020-7543","issn":["0020-7543","1366-588X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Production Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082024932","display_name":"Kuen\u2010Suan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1091-6392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65446980","display_name":"National Chin-Yi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040bs6h16","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65446980"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuen-Suan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65446980"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054900210","display_name":"Hsi-Tien Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65446980","display_name":"National Chin-Yi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040bs6h16","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65446980"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsi-Tien Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Leisure Industry Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Leisure Industry Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65446980"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026327115","display_name":"Tsang-Chuan Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8159-3538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65446980","display_name":"National Chin-Yi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040bs6h16","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65446980"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tsang-Chuan Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65446980"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026327115"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65446980"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3535,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95229252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"8","first_page":"2365","last_page":"2384"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11443","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11443","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Process Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13164","display_name":"Quality and Management Systems","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/six-sigma","display_name":"Six Sigma","score":0.7928162813186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.7275115847587585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.6881518959999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6850999593734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chart","display_name":"Chart","score":0.6367155909538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-capability","display_name":"Process capability","score":0.6290387511253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-capability-index","display_name":"Process capability index","score":0.5875424146652222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5656251907348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.5018651485443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47227367758750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-management","display_name":"Quality management","score":0.46583929657936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.377507746219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3310699164867401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32812270522117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.2977733612060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22587186098098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-in-process","display_name":"Work in process","score":0.20491385459899902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.056016504764556885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23119410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236908","display_name":"Six Sigma","level":3,"score":0.7928162813186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7275115847587585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.6881518959999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6850999593734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190812933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28923","display_name":"Chart","level":2,"score":0.6367155909538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91439571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1279773","display_name":"Process capability","level":3,"score":0.6290387511253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190190378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192625","display_name":"Process capability index","level":3,"score":0.5875424146652222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5656251907348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5018651485443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47227367758750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71405471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757012","display_name":"Quality management","level":3,"score":0.46583929657936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.377507746219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3310699164867401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32812270522117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.2977733612060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22587186098098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.20491385459899902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.056016504764556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198783460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629173","display_name":"Management system","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137335462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380772","display_name":"Lean manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00207543.2016.1246763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.1246763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65690446","display_name":"International Journal of Production Research","issn_l":"0020-7543","issn":["0020-7543","1366-588X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Production Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:tprsxx:v:55:y:2017:i:8:p:2365-2384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00207543.2016.1246763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7658526502","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. MOST 104-2221-E-167-008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152569421","https://openalex.org/W617183283","https://openalex.org/W1964010339","https://openalex.org/W1967553135","https://openalex.org/W1967801887","https://openalex.org/W1979039805","https://openalex.org/W1979894720","https://openalex.org/W1982740929","https://openalex.org/W1982745682","https://openalex.org/W1982775699","https://openalex.org/W1988343386","https://openalex.org/W1989652609","https://openalex.org/W1990181396","https://openalex.org/W1990439825","https://openalex.org/W1991169904","https://openalex.org/W1994458988","https://openalex.org/W2000970304","https://openalex.org/W2003266623","https://openalex.org/W2005140506","https://openalex.org/W2007824178","https://openalex.org/W2013442496","https://openalex.org/W2014365783","https://openalex.org/W2014939233","https://openalex.org/W2016712416","https://openalex.org/W2020170364","https://openalex.org/W2020669017","https://openalex.org/W2026022440","https://openalex.org/W2026833397","https://openalex.org/W2029554895","https://openalex.org/W2033444305","https://openalex.org/W2033742075","https://openalex.org/W2037984685","https://openalex.org/W2038945392","https://openalex.org/W2043400408","https://openalex.org/W2052350954","https://openalex.org/W2052921803","https://openalex.org/W2054969965","https://openalex.org/W2055832661","https://openalex.org/W2058647379","https://openalex.org/W2060900651","https://openalex.org/W2061659175","https://openalex.org/W2062562676","https://openalex.org/W2066305952","https://openalex.org/W2070899218","https://openalex.org/W2074719977","https://openalex.org/W2074720695","https://openalex.org/W2078326834","https://openalex.org/W2083204063","https://openalex.org/W2084443752","https://openalex.org/W2088712295","https://openalex.org/W2089178774","https://openalex.org/W2092940801","https://openalex.org/W2093848899","https://openalex.org/W2100456664","https://openalex.org/W2110684563","https://openalex.org/W2120505141","https://openalex.org/W2121623128","https://openalex.org/W2128701490","https://openalex.org/W2145622980","https://openalex.org/W2145971282","https://openalex.org/W2155701011","https://openalex.org/W2157202423","https://openalex.org/W2163904704","https://openalex.org/W2325241883","https://openalex.org/W2342675939","https://openalex.org/W2791177030","https://openalex.org/W2964100845","https://openalex.org/W3149026993","https://openalex.org/W3172986746","https://openalex.org/W4230917442","https://openalex.org/W4245521939"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976694003","https://openalex.org/W2187065407","https://openalex.org/W2083138094","https://openalex.org/W2171447504","https://openalex.org/W1968597279","https://openalex.org/W4313288552","https://openalex.org/W1512355934","https://openalex.org/W2058647379","https://openalex.org/W2387931185","https://openalex.org/W2539468013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Process":[0],"quality":[1,30,40,46,56,62,97,109],"is":[2],"the":[3,13,26,59,74,81,86,101,112,116,147,151],"primary":[4],"factor":[5],"in":[6,76],"facilitating":[7],"product":[8],"sales.":[9],"In":[10],"accordance":[11],"with":[12,65,111],"concept":[14],"of":[15,28,39,61,85,104,114,118,150],"Six":[16,54],"Sigma,":[17],"numerous":[18],"studies":[19],"have":[20],"employed":[21],"process":[22,29,77,96],"capability":[23],"indices":[24,34,57,87],"for":[25,58,100],"determination":[27],"levels.":[31],"Unfortunately,":[32],"existing":[33],"present":[35,139],"only":[36],"a":[37,44,91,95,126],"range":[38],"levels":[41,63],"rather":[42],"than":[43],"specific":[45],"level":[47],"value.":[48],"This":[49],"paper":[50],"aims":[51],"to":[52,88,131,145],"propose":[53],"Sigma":[55],"assessment":[60],"associated":[64],"unilateral":[66],"as":[67,69,90],"well":[68],"bilateral":[70],"specifications.":[71],"To":[72],"ensure":[73],"reliability":[75],"assessment,":[78],"we":[79,138],"employ":[80],"lower":[82],"confidence":[83],"limit":[84],"serve":[89],"standard":[92],"and":[93,107,142],"develop":[94],"analysis":[98],"chart":[99,123],"simultaneous":[102],"evaluation":[103],"larger-the-better,":[105],"smaller-the-better":[106],"nominal-the-best":[108],"characteristics":[110],"aim":[113],"identifying":[115],"causes":[117],"sub-standard":[119],"quality.":[120],"The":[121],"resulting":[122],"also":[124],"provides":[125],"valuable":[127],"reference":[128],"by":[129],"which":[130],"guide":[132],"efforts":[133],"aimed":[134],"at":[135],"improvement.":[136],"Finally,":[137],"three":[140],"cases":[141],"numerical":[143],"experiments":[144],"demonstrate":[146],"practical":[148],"applicability":[149],"proposed":[152],"method.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
