{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2163910779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207169908804869","title":"A link trie structure of storing multiple attribute relationships for natural language dictionaries","display_name":"A link trie structure of storing multiple attribute relationships for natural language dictionaries","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2163910779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207169908804869","mag":"2163910779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00207169908804869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207169908804869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124867444","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Mathematics","issn_l":"0020-7160","issn":["0020-7160","1026-7425","1029-0265"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110568816","display_name":"Kazuhiro Morita","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I922474255","display_name":"Tokushima University","ror":"https://ror.org/044vy1d05","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I922474255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kazuhiro Morita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information Science and Intelligent Systems , The University of Tokushima , 2-1 Minami, Jousanjima-Cho, Tokushima-Shi, 770, JapanFaculty of Engineering"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Science and Intelligent Systems , The University of Tokushima , 2-1 Minami, Jousanjima-Cho, Tokushima-Shi, 770, JapanFaculty of Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I922474255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110162795","display_name":"Masafumi Koyama","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I922474255","display_name":"Tokushima University","ror":"https://ror.org/044vy1d05","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I922474255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masafumi Koyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information Science and Intelligent Systems , The University of Tokushima , 2-1 Minami, Jousanjima-Cho, Tokushima-Shi, 770, JapanFaculty of Engineering"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Science and Intelligent Systems , The University of Tokushima , 2-1 Minami, Jousanjima-Cho, Tokushima-Shi, 770, JapanFaculty of Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I922474255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110024598","display_name":"Masao Fuketa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I922474255","display_name":"Tokushima University","ror":"https://ror.org/044vy1d05","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I922474255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masao Fuketa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information Science and Intelligent Systems , The University of Tokushima , 2-1 Minami, Jousanjima-Cho, Tokushima-Shi, 770, JapanFaculty of Engineering"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Science and Intelligent Systems , The University of Tokushima , 2-1 Minami, Jousanjima-Cho, Tokushima-Shi, 770, JapanFaculty of Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I922474255"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112378086","display_name":"Jun\u2010ichi Aoe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I922474255","display_name":"Tokushima University","ror":"https://ror.org/044vy1d05","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I922474255"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-Ichi Aoe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information Science and Intelligent Systems , The University of Tokushima , 2-1 Minami, Jousanjima-Cho, Tokushima-Shi, 770, JapanFaculty of Engineering"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information Science and Intelligent Systems , The University of Tokushima , 2-1 Minami, Jousanjima-Cho, Tokushima-Shi, 770, JapanFaculty of Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I922474255"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110568816"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I922474255"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17068285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"4","first_page":"463","last_page":"476"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trie","display_name":"Trie","score":0.8049767017364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7221050262451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linkage","display_name":"Linkage (software)","score":0.6760762929916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.5336982011795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.5227915644645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5096302032470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5091182589530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.46122366189956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4601585865020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link","display_name":"Link (geometry)","score":0.4317208230495453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.41758155822753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.411643385887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3678458034992218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35651886463165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25068092346191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09997466206550598}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190290938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387015","display_name":"Trie","level":3,"score":0.8049767017364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7221050262451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31266012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554340","display_name":"Linkage (software)","level":3,"score":0.6760762929916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.5336982011795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5227915644645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5096302032470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5091182589530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.46122366189956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4601585865020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554239","display_name":"Link (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4317208230495453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.41758155822753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.411643385887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3678458034992218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35651886463165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25068092346191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09997466206550598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00207169908804869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207169908804869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124867444","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Mathematics","issn_l":"0020-7160","issn":["0020-7160","1026-7425","1029-0265"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79728331","https://openalex.org/W1492880262","https://openalex.org/W1977109256","https://openalex.org/W1995659479","https://openalex.org/W2002320078","https://openalex.org/W2004114237","https://openalex.org/W2050266108","https://openalex.org/W2051049045","https://openalex.org/W2088955004","https://openalex.org/W2094065762","https://openalex.org/W2098258619","https://openalex.org/W2140177165","https://openalex.org/W2337480916","https://openalex.org/W2406480898","https://openalex.org/W2752853835","https://openalex.org/W2753176400","https://openalex.org/W6669417358","https://openalex.org/W7037065903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350697750","https://openalex.org/W2046569047","https://openalex.org/W2186419898","https://openalex.org/W2370961680","https://openalex.org/W2278452282","https://openalex.org/W2156393489","https://openalex.org/W1552925710","https://openalex.org/W207628907","https://openalex.org/W2740229587","https://openalex.org/W1786707430"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Word":[0],"relation":[1],"is":[2,7,23,84,92,98],"primitive":[3],"knowledge":[4,21],"and":[5],"it":[6,91],"very":[8],"useful":[9],"for":[10,69],"natural":[11,28],"language":[12,29],"processing":[13],"systems.":[14],"In":[15],"the":[16,36,54,65,76,88,95,102],"traditional":[17],"systems,":[18],"although":[19],"each":[20],"dictionary":[22],"constructed":[24],"in":[25],"separation,":[26],"recent":[27],"applications":[30],"become":[31],"more":[32],"complex":[33],"by":[34,47],"integrating":[35],"above":[37],"multi-attribute":[38,70,82],"relationships.":[39,71],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"presents":[42],"an":[43],"efficient":[44],"data":[45],"structure":[46],"introducing":[48],"a":[49,85],"trie":[50],"that":[51,75,94],"can":[52],"define":[53],"linkage":[55,60],"among":[56],"their":[57],"leaves.":[58],"The":[59],"enables":[61],"us":[62],"to":[63],"share":[64],"basic":[66],"words":[67],"required":[68],"Theoretical":[72],"observations":[73],"show":[74],"worst-case":[77],"time":[78],"complexity":[79],"of":[80],"retrieving":[81],"relationships":[83],"constant.":[86],"From":[87],"simulation":[89],"results,":[90],"shown":[93],"presented":[96],"method":[97],"1/3":[99],"smaller":[100],"than":[101],"competitive":[103],"methods.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}