{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2044606692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207169908804800","title":"Normalization methods for input and output vectors in backpropagation neural networks","display_name":"Normalization methods for input and output vectors in backpropagation neural networks","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2044606692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207169908804800","mag":"2044606692"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00207169908804800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207169908804800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124867444","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Mathematics","issn_l":"0020-7160","issn":["0020-7160","1026-7425","1029-0265"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074157029","display_name":"Daehyon Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daehyon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transportation Research Division , Highway Research Center , Songnam-Shi, Kyonggi-Do, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportation Research Division , Highway Research Center , Songnam-Shi, Kyonggi-Do, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074157029"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0195,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81143865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"161","last_page":"171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.8945065140724182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.8847524523735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7566972970962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6382585763931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5185571312904358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.47839605808258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.41819146275520325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3983685076236725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37767156958580017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.8945065140724182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.8847524523735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7566972970962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6382585763931274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5185571312904358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47839605808258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.41819146275520325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3983685076236725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37767156958580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00207169908804800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207169908804800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124867444","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Mathematics","issn_l":"0020-7160","issn":["0020-7160","1026-7425","1029-0265"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510944717","https://openalex.org/W1541007220","https://openalex.org/W1608292140","https://openalex.org/W2038128936","https://openalex.org/W2124776405","https://openalex.org/W2165456507","https://openalex.org/W2166280719","https://openalex.org/W2249846468","https://openalex.org/W7035647863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4239286941","https://openalex.org/W2088845016","https://openalex.org/W589102260","https://openalex.org/W1966421350","https://openalex.org/W1868434454","https://openalex.org/W4366984740","https://openalex.org/W2894173309","https://openalex.org/W4387932263","https://openalex.org/W2157746493","https://openalex.org/W2371065793"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"networks":[1],"have":[2,81,88],"been":[3,15,82,89],"increasingly":[4],"applied":[5],"to":[6,31,61,67],"many":[7,10],"problems":[8],"in":[9,65,93],"areas,":[11],"and":[12,45,51,55,85],"Backpropagation":[13,59],"has":[14],"the":[16,36,40,49,69,73,99],"most":[17],"popular":[18],"neural":[19],"network":[20,41],"model.":[21],"Despite":[22],"its":[23],"wide":[24],"application,":[25],"there":[26],"are":[27],"some":[28],"major":[29],"issues":[30],"be":[32,62],"considered":[33],"before":[34],"using":[35],"model,":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39],"topology,":[42],"learning":[43],"parameter,":[44],"normalization":[46,79],"methods":[47,80,87],"for":[48,58,91],"input":[50],"output":[52,56],"vectors.":[53],"Input":[54],"vectors":[57],"need":[60],"normalized":[63],"properly":[64],"order":[66],"achieve":[68],"best":[70],"performance":[71,92],"of":[72,95],"network.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76],"research,":[77],"several":[78],"studied":[83],"theoretically":[84],"two":[86],"compared":[90],"terms":[94],"prediction":[96],"accuracy":[97],"on":[98],"test":[100],"sets":[101],"through":[102],"experiments":[103],"with":[104],"real":[105],"world":[106],"image":[107],"data":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}